In winter, pigs are more likely to suffer from vitamin deficiencies. One of the main causes is the limited availability of green feed, which is essential for their nutritional needs. Additionally, some farmers use simple or unbalanced diets, and pig houses often lack proper sunlight and ventilation. These conditions make pigs vulnerable to various vitamin deficiencies during the colder months.
**Vitamin A Deficiency**
Pigs suffering from a lack of vitamin A may show symptoms such as dry skin, dull coats, poor digestion, reduced appetite, and slow growth. Some may experience vision problems, nervousness, and even seizures. In severe cases, pigs may walk in circles, have unstable gait, or even lose control of their hind legs. Sows affected by this deficiency can suffer from miscarriages or stillbirths. Piglets born under these conditions may be blind or weak, making them more prone to illness and death. To manage this, farmers can add 20 grams of pine needles to the feed, either boiled into a juice or decoction, once daily for several days. Including more carrots, silage, and other vitamin A-rich feeds can also help prevent the condition.
**Vitamin B Deficiency**
A deficiency in vitamin B can lead to stunted growth, vomiting, skin rashes, and hair loss. When pantothenic acid is lacking, pigs may show poor appetite, slow growth, diarrhea, coughing, and movement issues, often displaying a "goose step" gait. Niacin deficiency can cause loss of appetite, weight loss, severe diarrhea, dermatitis, cracked skin, and neurological problems. Anemia may also occur. To prevent these issues, it's important to ensure that daily feed includes a variety of vitamin B-rich ingredients. If corn is used excessively, it can lead to niacin deficiency, so it's advisable to reduce its proportion and include more bran, silage, sprouted feeds, and juicy tubers in the diet.
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