In recent years, polyurethane foams have gradually broadened their application fields due to their good performance, and are increasingly favored by the majority of materials manufacturers. The demand for polyurethane rigid foam is growing at a faster rate. The average annual consumption growth rate in 2005-2010 is 16%. In 2015, the global polyurethane foam market demand was 9.46 million tons, and it is expected to reach 12.74 million tons by 2024. The compound annual growth rate from 2016 to 2024 is 3.3%. Let's take a closer look at the application and development status of polyurethane in various fields.
Polyurethane foam is made of polymerized foamed isocyanate and hydroxy compound. According to its hardness, it can be divided into soft and hard, of which soft is the main variety. In general, it has excellent elasticity, flexibility, elongation and compressive strength; good chemical stability, resistance to many solvents and oils; excellent wear resistance, 20 times larger than natural sponges; and excellent processing Properties such as sex, heat insulation and adhesion. Emerging economies China and India are major consumers of polyurethane foam and are characterized by ample supply of raw materials and rapid expansion.
Application of polyurethane in coatings
Polyurethane technology started in Germany. In 1937, Mr. Otto Bayer invented polyurethane, which laid the foundation for polyurethane chemistry and developed polyurethane technology suitable for different applications. Since 1955, Bayer has applied various monomeric and polymeric isocyanates, polyesters, polyethers and acrylates to the production of polyurethane coatings. In 1965, the anti-fading two-component polyurethane coating was applied to aircraft and train fuselage; Bayhydrol® was used as an aqueous film-forming material in 1987; Bayhydur® and Bayhydrol® were put into use as an aqueous two-component polyurethane system in 1994. Polyurethane coatings dominate the wood coatings industry, accounting for 75% of the market, followed by automotive refinish, accounting for more than 40%. Polyurethane technology is also becoming more and more widely used in anti-corrosion coatings, plastic coatings and automotive original paints, accounting for 10% of the market. Polyurethane coatings are growing at a rate of 15% in recent years.
Application of polyurethane foam in building insulation
In 2014, the construction industry accounted for a quarter of the total transaction volume. The increase in construction expenses coupled with regulatory interventions is expected to continue to drive this sector growth. With the continuous expansion of the building insulation and energy saving market, the demand for polyurethane rigid foam is expected to usher in explosive growth. Polyurethane rigid foam is mostly closed-cell structure, with excellent thermal insulation effect, light weight, high specific strength, convenient construction, etc. It also has the characteristics of sound insulation, shockproof, electric insulation, heat resistance, cold resistance and solvent resistance. Insulation materials for refrigerators and freezers, cold storage, refrigerated vehicles, insulation materials for buildings, storage tanks and pipes, and small amounts for non-insulated applications, such as imitation wood and packaging materials. In general, lower density polyurethane rigid foams are mainly used as thermal insulation (insulation) materials, and higher density polyurethane rigid foams can be used as structural materials (like wood).
Application of thermoplastic polyurethane in 3D
New York-based Voodoo has introduced a new thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) fiber, NinjaFlex, which expands its fiber range by adding fully elastic and semi-elastic thermoplastic polyurethanes. It is reported that the material is very suitable for 3D printing. The main commercial range for this material includes seals, plugs, textiles, hoses and other functional parts that require resilience to perform well. Because of its high tension, it is not easy to change the strength, wear resistance, and contact with the oil surface is not easy to damage, which is the traditional disadvantage of rubber. It is also easy to recycle and relatively environmentally friendly, which is an increasingly important factor in today's era.
Jiuzhi Plastics Network Xiaobian Conclusion:
The unique advantages of polyurethane foam make it the darling of the automotive and medical fields, as these two areas often require a large number of gaskets and hoses. Because of its durability and flexibility, it is also a very popular shoe material. It is not surprising that it is well used in rubber boats and other inflatable objects. At present, the price of polyurethane foam is relatively high. It is believed that with the advancement of technology and the development of various industries, the cost of polyurethane rigid foam materials will be effectively reduced, and the application of polyurethane rigid foam materials will become more popular.
Inconel alloys are oxidation- and corrosion-resistant materials well suited for service in extreme environments subjected to high pressure and kinetic energy. When heated, Inconel forms a thick and stable passivating oxide layer protecting the surface from further attack. Inconel retains strength over a wide temperature range, attractive for high-temperature applications where aluminium and steel would succumb to creep as a result of thermally induced crystal vacancies (see Arrhenius equation). Inconel's high temperature strength is developed by solid solution strengthening or precipitation strengthening, depending on the alloy. In age-hardening or precipitation-strengthening varieties, small amounts of niobium combine with nickel to form the intermetallic compound Ni3Nb or gamma prime (γ'). Gamma prime forms small cubic crystals that inhibit slip and creep effectively at elevated temperatures.The formation of gamma-prime crystals increases over time, especially after three hours of a heat exposure of 850 °C, and continues to grow after 72 hours of exposure.
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