In the recent 10 years, photovoltaic power generation products have become more and more popular all over the world. Innovations around the photovoltaic industry have emerged in an endless stream. These innovative measures have promoted the continuous improvement of the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation systems, reduced costs, and made photovoltaic systems more earth-grounded and closer. Resident life.
Of these innovative initiatives, the intelligent R&D of photovoltaic power generation systems has become one of the core concerns of global technological innovation. Some leading photovoltaic companies and research institutions use Internet technology, sensor technology, big data analysis, etc. to interconnect isolated photovoltaic power plant systems to help investors conduct more routine safety maintenance and investment income analysis and decision making.
The solar energy system constitutes the core - solar panels, it takes the basic role of receiving light and converting light energy into electrical energy. However, ironically. For so many smart photovoltaic power stations claiming to have installed intelligent management platforms for many years, there is still no sign of “intelligence†at the basic level of the core modules for power generation. The panels are simply connected in series by the installer to form a string, and several strings are connected into a photovoltaic array, which ultimately constitutes the power station system.
Everything looks normal, isn't it? Each panel (characteristically different) is like a soldier obeying an order, being handed side by side unconditionally, indiscriminately, in a position where it is not suitable. Is there any problem with this arrangement?
First, the voltage of each photovoltaic panel is not high, only a few tens of volts, but the voltage between two pairs is as high as about 1000V. When the power generation system encounters a fire, even if firefighters can disconnect the main line circuit breaker, the entire system is still very dangerous, because only the current in the loop is turned off, and the panels are connected to each other by the connector and the system is grounded. The voltage is still 1000V. When an inexperienced firefighter puts a high-pressure water gun on the generator board up to 1000V, the disaster occurs because the water is conductive and the huge voltage difference is directly loaded onto the firefighters through the water column.
Second, the output characteristics of each photovoltaic panel are inconsistent, such as current, voltage, and optimal operating point. With the long-term use and natural aging of photovoltaic systems in the outdoors, this inconsistency will become more apparent. The characteristics of series power generation comply with the “wood barrel effectâ€. In other words: the total power generation of a battery panel depends more on the output characteristics of the weakest battery pack in the string, so save the “weak†and make this “weak†not drag down the “teamâ€. It is very important to change.
Third, the solar panels are most afraid of shadows (these shading factors are often shade, bird droppings, dust, chimneys, foreign objects, etc.), so they are generally installed in sunny places, but in distributed rooftop power generation systems. In order to consider the beauty and coordination of the entire house and yard building structure, the owners often spread the panels evenly over the entire roof. Although some parts of these roofs may cause shadows, sometimes the owners do not fully understand the shadows. Blocking the serious impact and harm on the board, the survey found that they often say: "That's nothing, it's just a shadow." The actual situation is not optimistic, because the shadow of the battery panel will induce the start of the bypass protection element (usually a diode) in the junction box behind the battery board, and the DC current of about 9A in the battery string will be instantaneously loaded. On the bypass device, a high temperature of more than 100 degrees will be generated in the junction box. This high temperature has little effect on the battery panel and the junction box in the short term, but if the shadow effect is not eliminated and remains for a long time, it will seriously affect the wiring. The useful life of boxes and panels.
Even more terrible is that there are some shadows that belong to high-frequency repetitive blocking (for example, branches in front of a family photovoltaic roof will block the panels repeatedly as the wind blows, and perform one: the cycle of occlusion-removing-occlusion. This high-frequency intersection The changed shroud makes the bypass device in one: off-on-off cycle. Diodes are heated by a high-power current and then reverse biased momentarily to remove the current and increase the reverse voltage. This repeated cycle, the life of the diode is greatly reduced. Once the diode in the junction box is destroyed, the system output of the entire panel fails.
Is there a solution that can solve the above three problems at the same time? Engineers have invented intelligent photovoltaic junction boxes after years of hard work and practice.
This product called Smarttrack102043, through the use of a dedicated DC photovoltaic power management chip, designed and built a control circuit board, this circuit board can be directly installed in the photovoltaic junction box, in order to facilitate the installation of the battery panel, the design reserved for the four With the export of the bus junctions, the battery panel companies can easily connect the junction box to the battery board. The output cables and connectors are pre-installed before leaving the factory. This junction box is the most convenient installation and maintenance in the photovoltaic industry. Photovoltaic smart junction box. It mainly provides solutions to the above three problems that have plagued the PV industry. It has the following features:
1) MPPT function: The maximum power tracking technology and control device are configured for each panel through hardware and software cooperation. This technology can maximize the reduction of the power generation efficiency of the power station caused by the characteristics of different panels in the panel array, reducing “ The effect of the "wood barrel effect" on the efficiency of the power station can greatly increase the power generation efficiency of the power station. From the test results, it can even increase the system power generation efficiency by up to 47.5%, increase the investment income, and greatly shorten the investment recovery period.
2) Intelligent shutdown of abnormal conditions such as fire: In the event of a fire, the built-in software algorithm of the junction box with the hardware circuit can judge whether there is an abnormality within 10 milliseconds and actively cut off the connection between each block board. The voltage of 1000V is reduced to a human body acceptable voltage of about 40V to ensure the safety of firefighters.
3) MOSFET thyristor integrated control technology is used instead of the traditional Schottky diode. When shadow occlusion occurs, the bypass current of the MOSFET can be instantaneously activated to protect the safety of the panel. At the same time, because of the low VF characteristic of the MOSFET, the heat generated in the entire junction box is only one tenth of that of the ordinary junction box. The life of the junction box is extended and the life of the panel is better protected.
At present, the technical solutions of the intelligent junction box are indiscriminate. No matter which solution, most of them focus on optimizing and improving the photovoltaic string power generation efficiency, and improving the photovoltaic system fire response mechanism such as shutdown function. The development and design of a "smart junction box" is not necessarily a complicated and advanced task. However, how smart junction boxes can truly meet the pain points and difficulties in the photovoltaic market can require intelligent functions in the junction box, the life of electronic devices, and intelligence. Junction box costs and investment income make it easy to find the best balance. It is believed that in the next few years, smart photovoltaic junction boxes will have more applications in the photovoltaic system, creating more value for investors.
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