The Chinese pesticide net, known as the "Xiaobian series," outlines the maximum residue limits (MRLs) for pesticides in vegetables and fruits. These regulations are crucial for ensuring food safety and protecting consumers from harmful chemical exposure. According to the guidelines, certain pesticides are completely banned, while others are restricted or have specific limits depending on the type of produce.
For example, Methamidophos is strictly prohibited in all vegetables. Phosphorus-based pesticides should not be used in either vegetables or fruits. Methyl parathion is also banned in both categories. Carbofuran must not be detected at all, and Malathion is similarly prohibited. However, some pesticides have allowable limits:
- **Acephate**: 1 mg/kg in vegetables
- **Amaranthus (Fruit Vegetables)**: 0.5 mg/kg
- **Tomato (Enzymes)**: 10 mg/kg
- **Carbaryl (Vegetables)**: 2 mg/kg
- **Carbendazim (Tomato)**: 0.5 mg/kg; **Asparagus**: 0.1 mg/kg; **Pepper**: 0.1 mg/kg
- **Chlorothalonil (Leafy Vegetables)**: 5 mg/kg
- **Chlorpyrifos (Leafy Vegetables)**: 0.1 mg/kg; **Tomato**: 0.5 mg/kg; **Stem Vegetables**: 0.05 mg/kg; **Leek**: 0.1 mg/kg
- **Cyhalothrin (Leafy Vegetables)**: 0.2 mg/kg; **Fruit Vegetables**: 0.2 mg/kg
- **Cypermethrin (Leafy Vegetables)**: 2 mg/kg; **Fruit Vegetables**: 0.5 mg/kg; **Cucumber**: 0.2 mg/kg; **Beans Vegetables**: 0.5 mg/kg
- **DDT (Beans)**: 0.05 mg/kg; **Vegetables**: 0.05 mg/kg
- **Deltamethrin (Leafy Vegetables)**: 0.5 mg/kg; **Fruit Vegetables**: 0.2 mg/kg
- **Dichlorvos (Vegetables)**: 0.2 mg/kg
- **Diflubenzuron (Leafy Vegetables)**: 1 mg/kg
- **Dimethoate (Leafy Vegetables)**: 1 mg/kg; **Fruit Vegetables**: 0.5 mg/kg; **Beans Vegetables**: 0.5 mg/kg; **Stem Vegetables**: 0.5 mg/kg; **Root Vegetables**: 0.5 mg/kg
- **Fenvalerate (Leafy Vegetables)**: 1 mg/kg; **Pear Fruit**: 1 mg/kg
- **Killing Thiophene (Vegetables)**: 0.5 mg/kg
- **Fenmethrin (Leafy Vegetables)**: 0.5 mg/kg
- **Fenthion (Vegetables)**: 0.05 mg/kg
- **Malathion (Leafy Vegetables)**: 8 mg/kg; **Fruit Vegetables**: 0.5 mg/kg; **Beans Vegetables**: 2 mg/kg; **Celery**: 1 mg/kg; **Root Vegetables**: 0.5 mg/kg
- **Paraquat (Vegetables)**: 0.05 mg/kg
- **Pendimethalin (Leafy Vegetables)**: 0.1 mg/kg
- **Permethrin (Vegetable)**: 1 mg/kg
- **Fumarate (Leafy Vegetables)**: 1 mg/kg
- **Phthathiones (Vegetables)**: 0.05 mg/kg
- **Mimiamide (Mushrooms)**: 2 mg/kg
- **Pythium (Fruit Vegetables)**: 5 mg/kg; **Cucumber**: 2 mg/kg; **Leeks**: 0.2 mg/kg
- **Kate (Leafy Vegetables)**: 2 mg/kg
- **Triadimefon (Pea)**: 0.05 mg/kg
- **Trichlorfon (Vegetables)**: 0.1 mg/kg
In addition, a total of 23 highly toxic pesticides are completely banned, including BHC, DDT, toxaphene, DBCP, chlordimeform, dibromoethane, nitrofen, aldrin, dieldrin, mercury compounds, arsenic, lead compounds, fluoroacetamide, gliftor, tetramine, sodium fluoroacetate, silatrane, and others. These bans were issued under Ministry of Agriculture Announcement No. 199.
Another 5 highly toxic pesticides—methamidophos, methyl parathion, parathion, monocrotophos, and phosphamidon—are fully banned under Announcement No. 274.
Furthermore, 19 pesticides are restricted in use, such as phorate, isofenphos-methyl, terbufos, phosfolan-methyl, sulfotep, demeton, carbofuran, aldicarb, ethoprophos, phosfolan, coumaphos, fonofos, isazofos, and fenamiphos. These are prohibited from being used on vegetables, fruits, tea, and traditional Chinese medicine.
These regulations are essential for maintaining public health and environmental sustainability. Farmers and producers must follow these guidelines closely to ensure compliance and prevent contamination of food products.
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