How to protect common stone lesions

How to Protect Common Stone Lesions? Abstract: The key to preventing rust is to perform an effective surface treatment after the stone has been processed, which helps to prevent iron deposits from oxidizing and seeping out. One of the most common issues in stone maintenance is salt crystallization, also known as efflorescence. This occurs when strong alkaline cement used in wet construction reacts with acidic substances in the atmosphere. As the moisture evaporates, it leaves behind salt crystals on the surface of the stone. Over time, natural weathering and environmental factors can cause various types of damage to stone surfaces. Understanding how to protect these lesions is essential for maintaining the beauty and durability of stone materials. 1. Rust Stains Rust stains can be caused by both natural and artificial factors. Some stones naturally contain higher levels of iron, which can oxidize over time and seep through the stone’s pores. Additionally, during excavation, processing, installation, or application, residual iron may remain on the stone's surface and eventually lead to rust stains after oxidation. To prevent this, a proper surface treatment should be applied after processing. For existing rust spots, rust removers can be used, but it's important to test them first on acid-resistant stones like marble or dolomite. If necessary, dilute the solution with water, and always rinse thoroughly with clean water afterward. Applying a resin coating afterward can help improve the stone’s waterproofing properties. 2. Water Stains Water stains, often referred to as "wet marks," are typically caused by moisture from cement slurry used in wet construction. Sodium hydroxide in the cement attracts moisture, leading to the formation of a corrosive sodium carbonate solution that can leave visible stains. To prevent this, applying a resin coating to make the stone waterproof is crucial. It helps to isolate the stone from moisture and reduce chemical reactions. Wet cement mortar should be avoided whenever possible, and proper joint sealing and drainage should be ensured after installation. Unfortunately, there is no perfect solution for existing water stains, but using resin treatments or dyeing techniques can help balance the color difference between stained and unstained areas. 3. Efflorescence (Baihua) Efflorescence, commonly known as Baihua, appears as white powdery deposits on stone surfaces. This occurs when moisture from rainwater or cement mortar dissolves calcium or salt components, which then migrate into the stone’s pores. Over time, exposure to CO₂ and acid rain causes the formation of insoluble white substances. To prevent this, it's recommended to apply a six-sided protective treatment using an impregnating agent after processing. Adding a cement white anti-agent during wet construction can also help minimize the risk. Dry-hanging methods are preferable to reduce moisture absorption. For existing Baihua, gently wet the area and use diluted hydrochloric acid to clean it. Rinse thoroughly with water and neutralize the surface before applying a protective stone maintenance agent. 4. Salt Crystallization (Efflorescence) Salt crystallization, or efflorescence, occurs when alkaline cement in wet construction reacts with acidic atmospheric compounds. As moisture moves through the stone’s pores and evaporates, it leaves behind salt crystals. To prevent this, avoid wet cement mortar where possible, and apply a penetrating waterproofing agent. For existing salt deposits, scrub off the powder, rinse thoroughly with water, and finish with a waterproof resin or polishing agent. 5. Moss Growth Moss growth typically occurs in damp and organic-rich areas of the stone. It can appear as green or yellow patches, affecting both the appearance and structural integrity of the stone. Prevention involves controlling moisture and ensuring good drainage. Existing moss can be removed using appropriate cleaning agents, followed by thorough drying and the application of a stone maintenance product. These solutions have been compiled based on real-world challenges faced by professionals in the field. If you encounter any issues or have further questions, feel free to reach out for guidance and updates.

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