Astragalus Medicinal Herbs Identification: Aster, also known as barley and sable, refers to the root and rhizome of plants in the Asteraceae family. It typically grows in mountainous areas or grasslands near rivers. In May, it produces yellow, purple, and white flowers, and by June, black spots appear, signaling the time for harvesting. Every spring and autumn, the roots are dug up, cleaned from stems, leaves, and soil, and then braided into small bundles resembling sorghum. This product is called "purple sable." It has a warm and bitter taste, and it enters the lungs, helping to warm the lungs, reduce phlegm, and relieve coughs. It is commonly used to treat conditions such as cold-induced coughs, wheezing, fatigue, persistent coughs with blood or pus, sore throat, and difficulty urinating. On the market, there are also roots or rhizomes from similar plants, such as sable, which are often mistaken for authentic purple sable.
Authentic Purple Sable: The dried rhizome is round or cylindrical, with a length of about 2 to 6 cm and a diameter of approximately 1.5 to 3 cm. The top usually retains the base of the stem and petiole, while the bottom may still have some unremoved roots. Beneath the tufts, there are many fine roots. The surface of the roots is purple or grayish red. The texture is soft and not easily broken, and when cut open, the cross-section is grayish white with purple edges. It has a slightly fragrant smell, and the taste is sweet with a slight bitterness.
Counterfeit Yunnan Purple Sable: This is the rhizome of burdock ginseng, which has an irregular blocky shape. At the lower end, there are many cylindrical fine roots. Its length is longer than that of the genuine variety, ranging from 7 to 15 cm. The surface is light brown or brownish yellow. It is hard and brittle, and when broken, the cross-section appears slightly powdery. It has an unpleasant odor and a slightly bitter, cool taste.
By comparing these characteristics, one can distinguish authentic purple sable from counterfeit versions. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that purple sable has significant expectorant and antitussive effects, with efficacy lasting over four hours. It also exhibits inhibitory effects against various pathogenic bacteria. Some research suggests that non-steroidal compounds isolated from purple sable have anti-cancer properties against Ehrlich ascites cancer. However, counterfeit purple sable, although from the same plant, lacks these medicinal effects and cannot serve as a proper substitute. Therefore, it's essential to ensure authenticity when using this herb for therapeutic purposes.
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