How to Select Bearing Equipment
Source: Bearing Network | Date: April 17, 2013
Usually, a shaft is supported by two bearings in both the radial and axial directions. One of the bearings is referred to as the fixed-side bearing, which handles both radial and axial loads and prevents any relative axial movement between the shaft and the housing. The other side is called the free-side bearing, which only supports radial loads and allows for some axial movement. This helps accommodate thermal expansion or manufacturing tolerances. For the fixed-side bearing, it's important to choose a bearing that can handle axial movement, such as cylindrical roller bearings, or one that can be adjusted on the equipment surface, like radial ball bearings. On shorter shafts, the distinction between fixed and free sides may not be necessary, and a single-direction axial bearing (such as a radial thrust ball bearing) may be sufficient. When selecting bearings, consider the following factors: 1. **Space and Clearance**: The available space determines the type of bearing that can be used. The shaft diameter is typically decided first, which defines the inner diameter of the bearing. A variety of bearing types and sizes are available, so choosing the most suitable one based on application requirements is essential. 2. **Load Characteristics**: The load on the bearing can vary in size, direction, and type—whether it's radial, axial, or a combination. Bearings have different capacities depending on their design. For example, deep groove ball bearings are suitable for light radial loads, while spherical roller bearings can handle heavy radial and axial loads. 3. **Speed**: The speed at which the bearing operates affects its performance. Each bearing has a limit speed, which depends on the type, size, cage design, precision, and lubrication method. High-speed applications often use deep groove ball bearings, angular contact ball bearings, or cylindrical roller bearings. 4. **Rotational Accuracy**: In applications like machine tool spindles or gas turbines, high rotational accuracy is crucial. Bearings with higher precision grades (such as Grade 5 or above) are typically used in these cases. Deep groove ball bearings, angular contact ball bearings, and cylindrical roller bearings are commonly chosen for such applications. 5. **Rigidity**: Some applications require high rigidity, meaning minimal deformation under load. Preloading can increase the rigidity of certain bearings, especially angular contact ball bearings and tapered roller bearings. This is particularly important in machine tool spindles and vehicle drive systems. 6. **Misalignment Tolerance**: Bearings must tolerate misalignment caused by shaft deflection, installation errors, or uneven support. Self-aligning bearings, such as self-aligning ball bearings and spherical roller bearings, are ideal for such conditions. 7. **Shaft Skew**: If the inner and outer rings of the bearing are skewed due to load or manufacturing imperfections, it’s important to select a bearing that can handle this. Spherical roller bearings allow for greater misalignment compared to cylindrical or tapered roller bearings. 8. **Installation and Maintenance**: Consider the ease of installation and removal when selecting a bearing. Bearings with separable inner and outer rings, such as cylindrical roller bearings, or those with conical bores, like spherical roller bearings, are easier to install and remove using sleeves or pullers.
Related Bearing Knowledge - The correct method for installing cylindrical inner hollow bearings - Proper protection of universal joint cross-shaft needle bearings - Analysis of basic functional requirements of bearings in various categories MM/MMV (Machine Tool Bearings)
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