Bracken is also known as the leading dish, fern dish, boxer, etc. It is a perennial herb. The bracken has the characteristics of fragrant and palatable taste and different flavors. It has always been known as Linhai Shanzhen. It contains more than 16 kinds of amino acids and 7 kinds of essential trace elements and 5 kinds of essential elements, with hurricane dehumidification, antipyretic diuretic, rheumatism, urinary closure, cough, prolapse and other effects. It is one of the wild vegetables that are popular among people at home and abroad. The cultivation techniques are now introduced as follows:
(1) field cultivation
1. Breeding methods.
(1) Spore sexual reproduction method. During the spore maturity period from July to August, the brownish unsplit sporangia group was selected, and the spore-cut leaves were cut and placed in a clean and smooth paper bag to be air-dried for use. Take the weakly acidic vegetable garden, add soil, sand and grass soil, mix and sieve, steam sterilization for 30 minutes, soil moisture about 95%. The spores are sown in the above culture soil, and it is not necessary to cover the soil. The shading should be strictly maintained, and the temperature should be kept at 20-25 ° C. After 35-40 days, the spores form a pale green spoon-shaped or fan-shaped protoplast, keeping the daily light for 4 hours. . When it is as long as 5 mm high, it is sprayed twice a day for one week, and it develops into sporophyte plants. When the leaves grow to 5 mm and the third leaves grow, they are transplanted. At this time, the soil must be kept moist and shaded, and the next year begins to grow vigorously. Planting can grow for 10 years, from May to June every year, when the plant height is 25 cm, the young leaves are harvested, and 2-3 茬 can be continuously harvested.
(2) Propagation method of rhizome: Take the underground rhizome from the wild bracken field in early spring or late autumn, and put it into a plastic bag to prevent evaporation of water. Transplanting can be carried out in the spring of the year (late April to early May) and autumn (late October). When transplanting, the rhizome is divided into several sections, each section holding 1-2 buds, and maintaining a certain amount of fibrous roots.
2. Site selection. Choose a gentle slope with a slope of 12-18 degrees and a depth of 40-50 cm. Wasteland, young forests or young forests or alluvial gaps, alluvial slopes. The soil is neutral and weakly acidic. Deep ploughing in the autumn, the whole year before the transplanting in the spring, the soil will be finely smashed, and the organic fertilizer and the composted manure will be applied as the base fertilizer, 4000-5000 kg per mu, 20 cm deep, ridged or simmered, and soil disinfected. .
3. Transplanting. Open a ditch 10-15 cm deep on the ridge or ridge, and plant the seedling or the segmented root stalk in a ditch about 5-10 cm. The root stalk covers 5-8 cm and covers 3 cm thick on the ridge or ridge. The leaves of the branches or straw, the soil moisture is always more than 60%. Before entering the winter, the stems and leaves of the top of the fern are burned off with fire and covered with hay to prevent cold and winter.
4. Picking and processing. Picking in May of the second year, until July, the picking time should be based on the old petioles, not too early or too late, after the picking, timely topdressing and watering, in order to promote robust growth. The harvesting standard for export products is generally 22 cm in length. After the harvest, put it into boiling water in time, remove it and dry it into small bundles to be listed.
(2) Protected cultivation of
1, scaffolding the ground for work. According to local conditions, a simple medium shed with bamboo or steel structure is selected for production, and its position should be located at a flat place with a higher elevation from the wind. The soil requires neutral or slightly acidic, the soil is loose and fertile, the water retention and fertility are strong, and the groundwater level is low. For the convenience of picking, the width of the raft is generally 1 to 1.5 meters, and the cultivating farmer's fertilizer is 2000-3000 kilograms.
2. Planting at the right time. On a prepared trampoline, dip a 12 cm deep trench every 20 cm, plant the seedlings in the ditch at a plant spacing of 5 cm or put a rhizome with a piece of soil, cover the soil 5-10 cm, and cover Apply straw or other straw to the appropriate amount of water, then cover the membrane or cover the mulch.
3. Fertilizer management. Bracken grows in a humid environment, so the soil must remain moist after planting. Always use a watering can to spray water, but not water, in case of rain, it is necessary to open the ditch in time to drain. After the first batch of buds are unearthed, it is necessary to promptly apply quick-acting fertilizer (human excrement or potassium dihydrogen phosphate), and then apply fertilizer once every pick. Cover the membrane in time after planting to promote germination. In the germination stage, the ground temperature is above 15 °C, the temperature is above 20 °C, and the growth is accelerated after budding. The temperature is required to reach 25 °C; the whole day should be covered within one week after transplanting, and then properly ventilated during the day; when the temperature exceeds 30 °C The skirt around the shed can be picked up and covered with a shade net and a straw curtain for cooling.
4. Picking. It can be listed in the first shed in the first half of the year. It can be listed at the earliest spring festival in February. When the seedling height is about 30 cm, the new leaf curl can be harvested, and it can be harvested once every 2-3 days.
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