At present, the potato plant is entering its flowering and fruiting stage, which is a crucial period for field management. It's essential to strengthen water and fertilizer management, carry out timely cultivation, soil loosening, and weeding. Attention should also be paid to disease prevention and pest control, as these measures are vital for achieving high yields. The following management practices are recommended:
Fertilizer Management
Fields with sufficient base fertilizer and strong plant growth can be sprayed with urea at 3 kg per acre, potassium dihydrogen phosphate at 4 kg, and 5 kg of brown sugar in 50 kg of water. Alternatively, Tianda 2116 plant growth nutrient solution (plant cell membrane homeostasis agent) can be applied to improve the resilience of the plants, promote healthy growth, and prevent premature aging. For thin, yellow-leaved plots, apply 10 kg of urea, 10 kg of potassium sulfate, and 20-25 kg of phosphorus, combined with irrigation. Spraying Tianda 2116 plant growth nutrient solution simultaneously will help enhance yield.
Soil Cultivation and Weeding
Timely soil cultivation and weeding are necessary to remove weeds and avoid competition between grass and potatoes. This practice helps thicken the soil layer, improve soil permeability, increase soil temperature, and support tuber growth. It also enhances root development and promotes better tuber expansion, playing a significant role in increasing production. Additionally, it's important to prevent the exposure of potato chips, which can lead to green potatoes and reduce quality.
Preventing Excessive Growth
Excessive growth can cause plants to become crowded, leading to shaded leaves and reduced tuber size, negatively impacting yield. To curb this, inhibitors such as paclobutrazol and chlormequat can be used. During the potato squaring to flowering stage, apply 15% wettable powder of paclobutrazol at 50-80 grams per acre in 30-50 kg of water, or use chlormequat foliar spray at 1-6 mg per kilogram. Spray every 7-10 days, and even up to two times, which has a significant inhibitory effect on nutrient transport from stems and leaves to tubers. This helps prevent leggy plants, increases the rate of large potatoes, and boosts overall yield. Also, remove diseased and weak branches to improve air circulation and light penetration, reducing disease occurrence. During the flower bud formation period, remove flower buds and topping to suppress the apical dominance, avoid nutrient consumption, and promote nutrient concentration towards tubers, thus increasing production.
Prevention of Late Blight and Aphids
Late blight is characterized by irregular brown spots on the leaf surface and white hyphae around the lesions on the back. To manage this, treat central diseased plants by digging them out and burying them deeply (more than 1 meter). Disinfect the affected area with lime and spray the surrounding area within 50 meters. Use 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc for control. Apply 58% metalaxyl MnZn WP at 77-120 grams per mu (active ingredient 45-70 g), or 58% metalaxyl or MnZn powder at 80-100 grams, or 72% bis-urea powder MnZn at 75 grams, mixed with 50 kg of water. Repeat spraying every 7-10 days. If it rains within 8 hours after spraying, reapply immediately.
Aphids feed on plant sap, causing leaf curling, consuming nutrients, and damaging photosynthesis, while also spreading viruses that significantly impact potato production. Control methods include using 2.5% imidacloprid at 40-60 ml per mu or 4.5% beta-cypermethrin at 5-27 g per mu, mixed with 30-50 kg of water. Alternate chemical use and repeat the process 2-3 times to effectively control aphid damage.
Field management during the middle and late stages of potato growth must be proactive and preventive. Early action and consistent monitoring are key to ensuring a successful harvest.
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