Glass can be classified in various ways depending on its production process, application, and composition. Here’s a detailed and well-structured overview of glass types and their characteristics:
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**Classification by Production Process**
- **Hot-Melt Glass**: This includes embossed glass, forged glass, crystal glass, glazed glass, wired glass, polycrystalline glass, glass mosaic, tempered glass, laminated glass, insulating glass, dimming glass, and luminescent glass.
- **Simple Classification**: Glass is generally divided into flat glass and deep-processed glass. Flat glass includes plate glass (with or without grooves), float glass, and others. Float glass is widely used due to its uniform thickness and high-quality surface. Special glass types are often used in decoration and design.
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**Ordinary Flat Glass**
1. **3–4 mm Glass**: Commonly known as PCT, used for frame surfaces.
2. **5–6 mm Glass**: Suitable for small transparent areas like windows and door panels.
3. **7–9 mm Glass**: Used for large indoor screens and framed structures.
4. **9–10 mm Glass**: Ideal for partitions and railings in interior projects.
5. **11–12 mm Glass**: Often used for floor spring doors and large partitions.
6. **15 mm+ Glass**: Rare in the market, usually custom-made, used for large-scale doors and exterior walls.
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**Deep-Processed Glass**
1. **Tempered Glass**: Strengthened through heat treatment, it is more durable and breaks into small, safe particles.
2. **Frosted Glass**: Made by sanding, commonly 5–6 mm thick, used for privacy.
3. **Sandblasted Glass**: Similar to frosted glass but with a different texture; often confused with it.
4. **Embossed Glass**: Textured and opaque, used in bathrooms and decorative areas.
5. **Wired Glass**: Contains a metal mesh for impact resistance, often used in high-rise buildings.
6. **Insulating Glass**: Two panes separated by a dry air gap, used for soundproofing.
7. **Laminated Glass**: Layers of glass with an interlayer, prevents shattering and is used for safety.
8. **Bulletproof Glass**: A type of laminated glass with multiple layers, used in secure areas.
9. **Hot-Bent Glass**: Curved and smooth, used in modern designs.
10. **Glass Bricks**: Hollow and lightweight, used in decorative or insulated areas.
11. **Cellulose Film (Cellophane)**: Adds color and protection, used for UV, heat, and impact resistance.
12. **LED Photoelectric Glass**: Combines LED lighting with glass, used in advertising and interior design.
13. **Dimming Glass**: Switches between clear and opaque states, useful for projection screens.
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**Component Classification**
Glass is also categorized by its chemical components:
- **Oxide Glass**: Includes silicate, borate, phosphate, and lead-based glasses.
- **Non-Oxide Glass**: Such as chalcogenide (sulfur, selenium) and halide glass, used in optical applications.
**Examples include**:
- **Quartz Glass**: Over 99.5% SiOâ‚‚, used in semiconductors and lasers.
- **Soda-Lime Glass**: Low cost and widely used in bottles and windows.
- **Lead Silicate Glass**: High refractive index, used in bulbs and optical devices.
- **Borosilicate Glass**: Resistant to thermal shock, used in lab equipment.
- **Phosphate Glass**: Low refractive index, used in optical instruments.
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**Performance-Based Classification**
- **Tempered Glass**: Strong and safe when broken.
- **Porous Glass**: Used in filtration and desalination.
- **Conductive Glass**: Used in electrodes and aircraft windshields.
- **Opal Glass**: For lighting and decorative purposes.
- **Insulating Glass**: Reduces heat transfer, used in windows and doors.
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**Automotive Glass**
- **Laminated Glass**: Used in windshields, combines plastic and glass for safety.
- **Tempered Glass**: Used in side and rear windows, designed to break safely.
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This classification helps in selecting the right type of glass based on function, aesthetics, and performance requirements. Whether for construction, decoration, or specialized applications, understanding these classifications is essential for making informed choices.
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