Silage is known for its mild flavor, high nutritional value, excellent digestibility, rich nutrient content, good palatability, low cost, and the ability to provide a balanced feed supply throughout the year. As a result, it has become the primary method for farmers to address feed shortages during winter and spring. However, some farmers experience spoilage in their silage or forage, which can significantly reduce its quality and effectiveness. The following are common causes of silage deterioration and solutions to prevent it.
**First, the phenomenon of thin layer or flaky spoilage**
When opening a silage pit, some farmers notice thin layers or flaky mold appearing on the cross-section. This issue can be attributed to several factors:
1. **Insufficient filling of raw materials**: If the silage is not filled properly, residual oxygen remains inside, allowing plant cells to continue respiring. This leads to heat accumulation, increased nutrient loss, and reduced activity of beneficial bacteria like lactic acid bacteria, ultimately affecting the taste and quality of the silage.
2. **Contamination with moldy or soiled forage**: Including moldy or dirty straw or forage in the silage can introduce harmful microorganisms that cause spoilage.
3. **Low sugar content in raw materials**: Silage requires adequate levels of water-soluble carbohydrates to support the growth of lactic acid bacteria. Low sugar content can hinder proper fermentation.
4. **Improper moisture levels**: The moisture content of the raw materials must be carefully controlled. Too much moisture can lead to excessive acidity and spoilage, while too little makes the material hard to compact and more prone to mold.
To avoid these issues, farmers should ensure the following:
- **Proper shredding and compaction**: Cutting the forage into short pieces and pressing it tightly helps eliminate air pockets, promoting anaerobic conditions necessary for lactic acid fermentation.
- **Avoid contaminated materials**: Never include moldy or soiled forage in the silage.
- **Adjust sugar content**: Either reduce moisture to increase sugar concentration, add molasses, or mix with high-sugar feeds.
- **Control moisture levels**: Ideal moisture content for high-quality silage ranges between 60% and 75%.
**Second, corruption at the four corners, sides, or dome of the silo**
This type of spoilage typically occurs when there are gaps between the plastic cover and the forage, or when the silo is not fully compacted or sealed. To prevent this, all areas of the silo should be thoroughly compacted. Before sealing, a small amount of salt can be sprinkled on the surface to help preserve the forage. Alternatively, soil can be used to seal the plastic film, ensuring an airtight environment.
**Third, silage deterioration after opening**
Once silage is opened, it becomes vulnerable to "secondary fermentation." This occurs because the anaerobic environment is disrupted, allowing oxygen to enter and promote unwanted microbial activity. The silage may then heat up and spoil quickly.
To minimize secondary fermentation:
- **Control moisture before silage**: Dry high-moisture materials to achieve a moisture level of 60% to 70%.
- **Limit exposure**: After opening, keep the exposed layer thickness over 30 cm and avoid rough excavation to reduce air entry.
- **Use additives**: Products such as Lubaomei, propionic acid, sorbic acid, and urea can help inhibit microbial growth and maintain silage quality.
By following these best practices, farmers can significantly improve the quality and longevity of their silage, ensuring a reliable and nutritious feed source for livestock throughout the year.
Pond Fountain,Large Water Fountain,Gradient Music Fountains,Square Small Fountain
Guangzhou Dewy water fountain Technology Co., LTD , https://www.dewyfountain.com