Every year, the grain-producing areas have to experience a light or heavy “infested-grain-grabbing†campaign. When the effort is over, it is possible to save the harvest, and it is impossible for the martial arts to fail. It is understood that an old farmer in Mianyang, Sichuan Province, was unable to timely control the pests and diseases of rice in the previous period. The 5 mu of rice planted did not bear ears, and the pellets were not harvested and suffered heavy losses. When it comes to rice, the old farmer keeps sighing, just keeps sighing. He can't figure out how. When the crops have been used for so many years, they still manage rice. When they encounter the "two-shift" pests of rice, they are helpless.
The old farmer managed rice with years of planting experience. He did not expect the power and consequences of the pests, resulting in the loss of 5 acres of rice due to pests and diseases. I hope that farmers like these kind of farmer friends can learn about the occurrence and development of pests and diseases in a timely manner under the guidance of relevant agriculture-related departments and scientific research personnel through various channels such as rural big speakers, farmhouse classrooms, and agricultural technology training sessions. Good prevention and treatment methods. At the same time, it is hoped that farmers' friends will gradually change their mindsets from "experience farming" to "scientific farming."
Rice planthopper and rice leaf roller, referred to as "two-shift" pests, are one of the main migratory pests of rice. They have the habit of moving away with the airflow and are a kind of explosive and sudden pests.
In the rice planthopper, the adult nymphs and the nymphs clustered at the base of the rice cultivar, and the spur-type mouthparts were inserted into the rice plant tissue to absorb the juice, and the rice was damaged at the booting stage, so that the leaves were yellow, the growth was low, and even the heading could not be performed. In the milk ripening period, the 1000-grain weight of the rice is reduced, the glutinous rice is increased, the base of the damaged rice plant is blackened, the leaves are yellow, and the sheath blight and sclerotinia disease are aggravated. When the damage is serious, the whole field falls and the fruit is not harvested.
The rice leaf roller is larvae feeding on the leaves, which is primary damage, and the leaves appear needle-like white spots. As the age of the insects increases, the leaves are entangled with the leaves on both sides of the leaves, and the vertical rolls become cylindrical insects and larvae. Hide the mesophyll in the hide, leaving the skin with white streaks. In severe cases, "the insects are tired and the leaves are full of fields." The damage was most attributable to the booting and heading period.
In response to the occurrence and damage characteristics of the "two-shift" pests, experts pointed out that the following technical measures should be taken in prevention and control:
1. Grasp the critical period of prevention and control: the control of rice planthoppers in the field of more than 500 worms in the field or the number of nymphs surge or short-wing type application; prevention of rice leaf roller must be in the peak of egg hatching to young age At the peak of the larvae (before the third instar), when the amount of larvae is ≥30 (or more than 30 new worms in the field), the application is immediately applied.
2. Select high-efficiency, low-toxic, low-residue counterpart pesticides: control rice planthoppers should be selected for long-acting and quick-acting drugs: dichlorvos + 蚜虱 once net, thiazolone, gram, chlorpyrifos + phlegm, leaf è‰Scattered + fluttering spirit and so on. For the control of rice leaf roller, a systemic strong agent is selected: such as propyl bromide, dextromethine, hexaflumuron, avermectin + chlorpyrifos, rutin, bataan + dichlorvos. One of the above agents may be used according to the instructions.
3. Pay attention to the spraying technology: the amount of liquid per acre should be guaranteed to be 50-60 kg, the spray droplets should be fine, and the rice planthopper should spray the nozzle toward the base of the rice bush; the rice leaf curler should be sprayed, and the leaves should be sprayed. Evenly sprayed through. During the application, keep the shallow water layer 3-5 cm in the field and keep it for 5-7 days. It is necessary to choose morning or afternoon application to avoid the application of high temperature weather at noon to prevent pesticide poisoning accidents. It will rain within 6 hours after the medicine. Make up to ensure the control effect.
4. In view of the high density of insects in the “two-shift†pests, the generations overlap, and the prevention and control is difficult. During the emergency prevention and treatment, it is necessary to spray 1-2 times, and then re-medicate for a second time; the rice fields with poor control effect should be Take timely remedial measures. In particular, in the field of rice leaf roller and rice planthopper, the rice sheath blight agent and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate should be added to promote the plant growth.
Since late August, most of the precipitation in Jiangnan and South China has been more than normal. The number of precipitation days is 6 to 12 days. In some areas, there are 2 to 6 days of heavy rainstorms. The relative humidity of air is more than 80% in most of the time. The average temperature is 24 °C ~ 30 °C, suitable meteorological conditions are conducive to the migration, reproduction and growth of rice planthoppers; precipitation in the northeastern part of Jiangxi, western Zhejiang, northwestern Fujian, etc., southeastern Hunan, northeastern Jiangxi, northern Zhejiang The high temperature weather with an average daily temperature of >30 °C in 4 to 8 days in the west and other places has inhibited the migration and development of rice planthopper to some extent.
It is expected that in the next few days, the temperatures in Jiangnan and South China will be close to the same period of the year, and the meteorological conditions will be more conducive to the migration, reproduction and spread of rice planthoppers. Experts suggest: 1. South China and other rice planthoppers should develop monitoring areas with high meteorological grades, and timely use pesticides or light traps to prevent and control according to actual insect conditions, and inhibit the development of rice planthoppers. At the same time, all localities should strengthen the unified defense and improve the control effect. 2. Jiangnan South China rice area should promptly remove weeds in rice fields, increase ventilation and light transmission in the field, reduce humidity, improve rice field environment, enhance rice insect resistance, and avoid or reduce rice planthopper damage.
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