Recently, agricultural technicians saw in the grape plantation that some farmers' grapes grew into the winter period, the leaves gradually fell off, and a few green leaves were seen on the grape racks, while some farmers' leaves were stripped. Some farmers' grapes now retain some leaves, but the leaves of the leaves are scorched, the leaves are small, and the leaves are brown, yellow, purple and other different colors. In the survey, it was found that the farmers who planted better crops had an average income of nearly 10,000 yuan, and the benefits of poor planting were low.
When investigating the farmers who grow grapes, it is learned that those farmers with low benefits are mainly in the absence of cultivation management, especially in fertilization.
First, after the grapes are harvested, no reducing fertilizer is applied, so that the grape plants are in a state of starvation, and there is not enough nutrient absorption, storage and transformation.
Second, partial application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium or a large number of elements, such as excessive nitrogen, easy to turn the photosynthetic product of sugar into cellulose, so that the xylem forms a large gap, the grape new shoot pith enlarges, vulnerable to freezing damage With drought, the nitrogen deficiency is weak, the flower bud differentiation is poorly developed, the yield is low, the fruit color is poor, and the sweetness is poor. If there is excess phosphorus, it will inhibit the absorption of nitrogen, and it will lead to soil acidification, affecting the absorption of trace elements such as zinc and iron. The phosphate fertilizer is insufficient, the assimilation of carbon is inhibited, and the starch is not easily converted into soluble sugar. When phosphorus is present, the leaves are red, the flower buds are poorly differentiated, and the sugar content of the fruit is reduced. If there is excess potassium, it will have an antagonistic effect with nitrogen, resisting the absorption of nitrogen. If the potassium fertilizer is insufficient, the tablet will turn brown, the leaf edge will turn up, the tip tip will die, the fruit is small, the coloration is poor, and the yield is low.
The third is to ignore the supporting application of medium and trace elements. Fourth, improper management, such as fertilization, the fertilizer is too close to the roots, easy to cause new roots to suffer from fat. When there are pruning, the fruit is too much, and the new shoots are drawn short.
In order to promote the high yield and quality of the grapes, we must grasp a few points in the management of the pastoral.
Highlight the base fertilizer and look at the seedlings. The yield of grapes is generally positively related to the level of fertilization. The inherent experience is to produce fat or to produce fat. The comprehensive experience of all localities is that for every 500 kilograms of grapes produced, 1000 kilograms of high-quality decomposed organic fertilizer should be applied, and at the same time, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and boron should be applied. In the base fertilizer, the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 60%~70% of the whole year, the phosphate fertilizer accounts for more than 80%, and the potassium fertilizer accounts for 30%~40%. And to see the seedlings to catch the pre-emergence fertilizer and strong fruit fertilizer, coupled with root spray fertilizer.
Control the mother branch and update the main vine. When the grapes enter the dormant period, they must start winter pruning, and the pruning time is carried out before the leaves fall to the beginning of spring. Pre-treatment is divided into short cut and update trim. The short cut is for the main vine, the update is for the old vine. When short-cutting, 8~12 buds of long vines, 5~7 buds of vines, and 2~3 buds of short vines. For varieties with high fruiting sites, long vines and vines should be used. The method is mainly for the medium or short vines with moderate or weak growth. Renovation and pruning, one is to selectively cultivate the buds and buds of the main vines under the grape trunk. When the new buds can produce more ears, they will cut off the old vines that have declined. The update is going to be weak and stay strong, go to stay, and stay in front of you. At the same time, fruit thinning.
Clean up debris and reduce pathogens. After the arrival of winter, the vineyard should be thoroughly cleaned. First, the remaining leaves should be cleaned; second, the diseased fruit should be cleaned; third, the weeds should be removed, and then buried or burned. Before the germination of the grapes, it is necessary to spray the grape trunks, branches and soils 1 to 2 times with the Bamei 5 degree stone sulphur mixture to kill the bacteria and reduce the incidence of the disease in the coming year.
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