At 11:10 a.m. on April 21st, a fire broke out on the sixth-floor outer wall of a high-rise residential building in Dalian's Xinghai Square, specifically at Yidajiete. The scene was quickly filled with thick smoke, prompting an immediate response from the local fire department. After intense efforts, the fire was fully extinguished by 11:42 a.m., and no casualties were reported. Preliminary investigations confirmed that the fire originated on the sixth floor of Building 2, which has a total of 34 floors.
Although the incident did not result in any injuries, it highlights the serious risks associated with high-rise fires. These types of fires are particularly dangerous due to the difficulty in accessing upper floors and the rapid spread of smoke and heat. It is essential for both residents and authorities to be aware of the specific challenges and precautions required in high-rise buildings.
**1. What Makes a Building High-Rise?**
According to fire protection standards, a high-rise building is defined as a residential building with 10 or more floors. For non-residential buildings, a structure exceeding 24 meters in height is considered high-rise. If a building is over 100 meters tall, it is classified as a super-high-rise. These definitions help guide construction and safety regulations to minimize fire risks.
**2. Construction Requirements for High-Rise Buildings**
Firewalls must have a minimum horizontal distance of 2.00 meters between adjacent doors, windows, or openings. If this distance is less, fixed Class B fire-rated doors and windows should be installed. Fire protection systems, such as automatic sprinklers, must be separated from other areas using walls with a 2.00-hour fire rating, floor slabs with a 1.50-hour rating, and Class A fire doors.
Non-combustible materials should be used for ceilings, insulation, and roof components. Deformation joints must be covered with non-flammable materials, and cables, gas pipelines, and flammable liquid lines should not pass through them without proper non-combustible sleeves. Smoke exhaust vents must be placed near the ceiling and kept at least 1.0 meter away from combustible materials.
**3. Key Fire Safety Tips for High-Rise Living**
One of the most critical aspects of fire safety in high-rises is keeping escape routes clear. Stairwells are often referred to as "life passages" and must remain unobstructed. According to fire laws, no one can block or lock these exits. Unfortunately, many high-rises use these areas for storage, posing a significant risk during emergencies.
Additionally, fire-fighting equipment—such as hydrants, extinguishers, and alarms—must be functional and regularly maintained. In some cases, these systems are ignored or misused, turning essential tools into mere decorations.
**4. How to Escape a High-Rise Fire**
If a fire occurs, the first step is to call emergency services immediately and organize an orderly evacuation. Never attempt to retrieve belongings. Stay calm, follow instructions, and avoid using elevators. If you live on a higher floor, do not jump unless absolutely necessary. Instead, go down to a safe area and signal firefighters for help.
If escape is not possible, seal off the room by closing doors and windows to prevent smoke and toxic gases from entering. Use wet towels to cover your nose and mouth, and crawl low to avoid inhaling smoke. Always keep a fire escape kit, including a whistle, axe, mask, and flashlight, ready for emergencies.
By understanding the risks and taking proactive steps, we can significantly improve fire safety in high-rise buildings and protect lives.
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