After the spring, the national wheat will enter the stage of greening, getting up and jointing. It is the main period of wheat spring management, an important period to promote the growth of weak seedlings and control the stable growth of seedlings, and also a key stage for regulating the rational development of wheat population.
According to news from the Ministry of Agriculture, last year's winter wheat planting and sowing period was concentrated, standardized seeding technology was implemented better, seeding quality was higher, soil moisture was suitable, wheat emergence was neat, seedlings were uniform, and the population was sufficient. Year. The main features are: First, the seedlings grow well. Overall, the proportion of first- and second-class seedlings of winter wheat in the main producing areas increased, the proportion of the three types of seedlings decreased, and the population was sufficient. Second, the soil is full of love. Since September last year, the main producing areas have had more rainfall and better soil moisture, which is more favorable for wheat emergence and tillering, especially in the early December, which is conducive to the safe wintering of wheat. Third, the proportion of Wang Miao is large. Due to the high accumulated temperature before winter and the lack of illumination, some plots with early sowing or large amount of sowing are prosperous. Fourth, the pests and diseases are heavy. Before wintering, the soil moisture is better, and the temperature is suitable for high temperature, which is conducive to weed germination and pests. In some areas, there are seedling pests such as golden worms, and strip rust and powdery mildew occur. In some areas, especially the southern paddy wheat, weeds grow and have a high density. Experts put forward the main objectives of spring management for this year's wheat seedling characteristics: scientific classification guidance, strengthening suppression and planning, controlling Wang Miao seedlings to maintain longevity, promoting weak seedling root growth, strengthening body jointing fertilizer, and promoting foot The grain is multi-grain weight, preventing and controlling pests and diseases, and capturing the harvest of wheat. This edition will publish specific field management recommendations for each major wheat producing area.
North China, Huang-Huai wheat area to include Hebei, Shandong, Henan and northern Jiangsu, northern Anhui, southern Shanxi, Shaanxi Guanzhong Plain. The current characteristics of the seedlings in this region are: the foundation of autumn is good, the soil moisture is suitable, and the current seedling situation is the best year in recent years; but there are also large areas with large length, large weeds in wheat fields, and large number of wintering pests and diseases. Unfavorable factors such as complex seedlings. Spring wheat management earlier Zhuazao tube, guidance, control repression Wang, reasonable logistics fertilizer, promote multi-grain weight spike enough grain to lay a good foundation for the high-yielding wheat.
It is an important agronomic measure to improve the control of the market and increase the efficiency of the grain in the early spring. The repression of the overgrown wheat field during the rejuvenation to the beginning of the body can inhibit the growth of the aboveground parts and play a role in controlling the growth.
Although the precipitation in the autumn last year was large, the current wheat field was generally better. However, after the spring, with the increase of temperature, the soil evaporation increased, and “spring rain is as expensive as oilâ€, there are uncertain factors in precipitation. Therefore, in order to prevent the drought in the spring, it is very important to do everything possible to keep the underground. Early in the early spring, when the surface soil is frozen by 2 cm (topping period), all kinds of wheat fields are slashed to maintain soil moisture, increase surface temperature, eliminate winter weeds, and strive for active management of wheat fields in the middle and late stages. Especially for the wheat fields with small populations and weak individuals, it is necessary to take the shovel as the primary measure for the management of wheat fields in early spring. In addition, watering in the spring or raining should also be timely. When you are squatting, you must make sure that you are fine, even, flat, and smooth, without leaving any waste, not pressing the wheat seedlings, and not weeding, to improve the effect of the stroke.
Promote the combination of control, fertilizer and water management, and manage the water-smelting wheat field in North China and Huanghuai wheat area. The water quality of the wheat field, the seedling condition and the soil fertility capacity are different. The spring fertilizer management must be based on the conditions of seedlings and classification. Spring management should first manage three types of wheat fields, and then two types of wheat fields, followed by a type of wheat field; for Wang Miao, first of all, it must be controlled during the rejuvenation period, and then fertilize and water according to the size of the group during the up or jointing period.
1. Focus on control, and do a good job in Wang Changmiao management. Generally, the number of stems per mu of wheat seedlings is more than 800,000, the plants are taller, the leaves are longer, the differentiation process of spikes of main stems and low tillers is advanced, and freezing damage occurs in early spring. After the jointing, it is easy to cause the field to be covered, the light is poor and lodging, and the spring fertilizer management should be dominated. The first is the repression of the rejuvenation period. This is the most effective measure to control the growth of the seedlings and transform them into strong seedlings. This year, the area of ​​the wheat seedlings is large, and we must do a good job of repression. The second is to spray the Zhuangfengan and other regulators during the period to shorten the base joints and prevent the late lodging. The third is to manage the fertilizer and water of Wang Miao according to the size of the group. The seedling wheat field without defermentation should be used to suppress seedlings in early spring, avoid excessive spring tillering, fertilize water in jointing stage, apply urea 10 to 15 kg per mu; for wheat fields with de-fertilization, if the group is not large, early spring The total number of stems per mu is below 800,000. In the initial stage of the body, the topdressing and watering; if the group is too large, the topdressing and watering in the middle of the body, the general application of urea 10 to 15 kg, to prevent the seedlings to weaken the seedlings.
2. Promote the three types of seedling management. The total number of stems of the three types of wheat fields at the beginning of the green period is less than 450,000, which is mostly late seeding and weak seedlings. The management of spring fertilizer and water should be promoted. In spring, the topdressing is carried out twice. The first time in the regreening period, when the temperature is 5 cm, the temperature is stable at 5 °C, and the topdressing and watering are started. The urea is applied with 5-7 kg of urea and the appropriate amount of diammonium phosphate to promote spring tillering and consolidate the tiller before winter. Increase the number of ears per mu; the second time in the middle of jointing, fertilize and water, increase the number of grains per ear. In the southern part of the Huanghuai wheat area, there are no irrigated plots in the north and south of Henan and the southern part of Henan, and should be applied to the green fertilizer when the spring falls.
3. Promote the combination of control and do a good job in the management of the second type of seedlings. The total number of stems of the second type of wheat field is 450,000 to 600,000. The focus of spring fertilizer management is to consolidate the tillering before winter, appropriately promote the occurrence of spring tillering, and increase the rate of tillering. The level of soil fertility is general. The second type of wheat field with a number of stems of 450,000 to 500,000 is topdressed in the early stage of wheat, and 10 to 15 kilograms of urea is combined with watering. The level of soil is relatively high, and the number of stems is 500,000 to 600,000. In the second type of wheat field, the wheat is topdressed and watered in the middle of the wheat. In the southern part of the Huanghuai wheat area, there are no irrigated plots in the north and south of Henan and the southern part of Henan, and the rain should be applied to the body during the spring precipitation.
4. Control and promote the combination, do a good job in a type of seedling management. The level of soil fertility in a type of wheat field is relatively high. The total number of stems per acre in the beginning of greening is 600,000 to 800,000. It belongs to the strong wheat field, which should be controlled to promote the combination, increase the rate of tillering and increase the number of grains. First, the body is sprayed with Zhuangfeng'an and other regulators, shortening the base internodes, controlling the plant growth, promoting the root system and preventing the late growth. The second is to topdress the water in the jointing stage of wheat, and the urea is 12 to 15 kg. In the southern part of the Huanghuai wheat area, there are no irrigated plots in the northern and southern parts of the south and south of Henan, and the rain should be applied to the rain during spring precipitation.
Repression and tamping, rain and topdressing, and management of dry land wheat for dryland wheat fields without irrigating conditions, spring management should be the key measures for spring wheat field management. After the wheat field is crushed, the capillary is formed in the soil, and the deep soil moisture rises along the capillary to the upper layer soil, which is beneficial to moisturizing the root growth and improving the drought resistance of the wheat. At the same time, after the soil is returned to the early spring or the light rain, the application of nitrogen fertilizer with chemical fertilizers has a prominent effect on increasing the number of ears per pan and the number of grains per ear, increasing grain weight and increasing yield. Generally, about 10 kg of urea is applied. The application of diammonium phosphate to the base fertilizer without the application of phosphate fertilizer.
Prevention and control of pests and diseases, chemical weeding, and comprehensive prevention and control of spring pests and diseases should vigorously promote the treatment of stages, mixed application of drugs and treatment of a variety of pests and diseases. Regreening to jointing stage is another peak of infection and other viral diseases such as sheath blight, total rot disease, root rot and other diseases such as bushy dwarf disease and yellow dwarf disease. It is also a hazard of wheat spiders, underground pests and grass pests. At the peak, it is one of the key links in comprehensive wheat control. All local plant protection departments should do a good job in forecasting and forecasting pests and diseases, and guide farmers in timely prevention and control. Due to high temperature before winter, heavy rainfall, heavy weed occurrence, and small chemical weeding area before winter, chemical weeding should be strengthened after returning to green. When using herbicides, strictly follow the concentration and technical procedures to avoid phytotoxicity. Agricultural technicians everywhere should guide farmers to choose the right medicine, spray concentration and spraying time.
Paying attention to the weather, coping with it in advance, preventing early spring freezing damage to early spring frost damage (inverted spring cold) is a frequent disaster in early spring in North China and Huanghuai wheat area. The most effective measure to prevent early spring frost damage is to pay close attention to weather changes and water before cooling. Since the heat capacity of water is larger than the heat capacity of air and soil, watering before the early spring cold current can increase the water vapor in the near-surface air, and when condensation occurs, the latent heat is released to reduce the variation of the ground temperature. Therefore, in areas with watering conditions, watering before the cold wave can adjust the microclimate near the ground layer, which has a good effect on preventing early spring frost damage.
Wheat is a crop with tillering characteristics. The wheat field that suffers from early spring freezing will not freeze all the parts of the wheat, and the wheat axillary buds can grow into long ears. As long as management is strengthened, a good harvest can still be obtained. Therefore, if frost damage occurs in early spring, it is necessary to remedy it in time. The main remedy: First, seize the time and apply fertilizer. According to the degree of damage, the wheat field subjected to freezing damage should be seized, and the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer should be applied to promote the early emergence of seedlings and increase the rate of formation of small tillers. Generally, about 10 kg of urea is applied to the mu; the second is to cultivate and raise the ground temperature. Timely cultivating, storing water and warming, promoting root development, can effectively increase the number of tillers and make up for the loss of the main stem.
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