Solar photovoltaic power generation represents a clean and renewable energy solution, and its development is crucial for advancing sustainable energy systems. Recently, a breakthrough has been made by a team led by Dr. Liu Zhengxin from the Key Laboratory of Microsystem Technology at the Shanghai Institute of Microsystems and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in collaboration with Prof. Liu Mingzhen from the University of Electronic Science and Technology. They have successfully created a perovskite/silicon heterojunction SHJ stacked solar cell with a conversion efficiency nearing 29%. This achievement marks the highest efficiency level yet for industrial-scale all-textured SHJ solar cells.
At present, the peak conversion efficiency for single-junction silicon heterojunction SHJ solar cells and perovskite solar cells stands at 26.5% and 25.7%, respectively. Theoretical simulations predict that perovskite tandem solar cells built on high-efficiency SHJ solar cells could potentially surpass 40.0% efficiency. This innovation is widely regarded by the academic community as the first low-cost commercial solar cell technology capable of exceeding 30.0% efficiency in the near future. While lab-based perovskite/SHJ tandem solar cells have reached efficiencies as high as 31.3%, the highest certified efficiency for industrially produced perovskite/SHJ tandem solar cells remains at 25.2%. Addressing the technical challenges in manufacturing these stacked solar cells—such as interface leakage issues due to all-textured SHJ bottom cells, current mismatch between upper and lower sub-cells, photoelectric losses in composite TCO films, and non-uniform coating of perovskite layers over large areas—has become critical to improving their overall efficiency.
To tackle these issues, the research team focused on developing a highly transparent ITO composite junction based on industrial-efficient SHJ solar cells. By designing an ultra-thin hybrid hole transport layer using NiOx/2PACz ([2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid) on the ITO composite junction, they achieved effective interface energy level matching. Utilizing this as a foundation, along with a two-step coevaporation plus spin-coating strategy, they managed to deposit high-quality perovskite layers conformally atop the SHJ solar cell. The study revealed that the NiOx intermediate layer facilitates the uniform self-assembly of 2PACz molecules across the entire textured surface, preventing direct contact between the ITO and the perovskite top cell. This approach effectively eliminates the severe body leakage issues commonly seen in traditional processes applied to textured SHJ bottom cells. Thanks to this innovative interface engineering method, the research team achieved a third-party certified efficiency of up to 28.84% on industrial all-textured perovskite/SHJ stacked solar cells (1.2 cm²).
This advancement represents another significant milestone in the development of industrial ultra-high-efficiency solar cell technology following the discovery of the anomalous Staebler-Wronski effect in SHJ solar cells doped with amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) films (Nature Energy, 7 (2022) 427-437). The research was supported by the "Honghu Special Project" strategic pilot science and technology special project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Key Laboratory of Microsystem Technology Fund Project.
Figure 1 provides a simple schematic diagram illustrating the preparation process of the perovskite/SHJ stacked solar cell, while Figure 2 showcases the basic structure of the perovskite/SHJ stacked solar cell alongside its third-party certification efficiency.
This research not only pushes the boundaries of solar cell technology but also highlights the potential for further improvements in efficiency and cost-effectiveness, making it a promising step towards widespread adoption of solar energy solutions.
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