In recent years, China’s mechanical infrastructure has witnessed rapid development in foreign trade, and the export volume and export share of bearings, chains, fasteners and other products have increased year after year. In 2007, China’s machinery and infrastructure product imports and exports realized a surplus for the first time. However, we cannot but take note of the fact that the export of China's basic parts products is still dominated by low value-added products, while some of the key components required for mainframes and major equipment are imported, and the product structure of the mechanical parts industry is adjusted. The road is still long.
In recent years, in order to improve and optimize the structure of import and export products, the Chinese government has successively introduced a series of policies. What impact will these policies have on the import and export of mechanical basic products? In this issue, Mr. Zheng Guowei, a senior expert in the import and export of China's machinery industry, has published articles on the import and export status of mechanical basic parts products, the impact of related import and export policies, and puts forward his own Views and suggestions.
In recent years, the Chinese government has issued a series of policies on import and export. The purpose is to improve and optimize the structure of import and export products, improve the quality of export products, increase the technological content and added value of export products, rectify export order, and achieve a fundamental change in the mode of export growth. To improve international competitiveness. At the same time, in order to reduce the international trade surplus and promote industrial upgrading, the policy of encouraging the import of advanced technologies and equipment was issued. The current policies concerning the import and export of mechanical basic parts mainly include:
1. Tax rebates on export products for export products refer to the indirect taxes that have been collected in the country (mainly value-added tax). The purpose is to allow exported goods to enter the international market without domestic indirect taxes, and to avoid the repeated collection of domestic taxes on cross-border mobile goods. Promote the development of international trade. This approach conforms to the WTO rules and reflects the WTO principles on non-discrimination and fair trade, and has established international practice. Therefore, it is not a preferential policy adopted by individual countries, let alone a subsidy.
With the approval of the State Council, on June 19, 2007, after the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation had negotiated with the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Commerce, and the General Administration of Customs, it issued the “Regulation on the reduction of export tax rebates for certain commodities†in the form of Circular 90 (2007). Notice, implemented since July 1, 2007.
The main purpose of this adjustment is to further control the excessively rapid growth of foreign trade exports, ease the outstanding contradictions brought about by China’s excessive trade surplus, improve the structure of export commodities, and suppress the export of high energy consumption, high pollution, and resource products.
There are 36 kinds of tax-reduction products in the mechanical infrastructure industry, mainly mechanical components, namely metal chains, including motorcycle roller chains, bicycle roller chains, other articulated chains, snow chains, Japanese word links, welding chains and various Chain parts; all kinds of steel standard fasteners, including screws, nuts and thread products; all kinds of springs, including springs for automobiles, railway vehicles, all from 13% to 5%; and portable hydraulic power tools ( Including chainsaws and parts from 17% to 9%.
At present, in addition to the above-mentioned three products, the export tax rebate rates for mechanical basic parts are 13% for copper and aluminum standard fasteners and springs; 17% for hydraulic components and devices and pneumatic components and devices; molds, bearings, seals, and oils. Pressure and pneumatic transmission valves are 13%.
In the future, the Chinese government will adjust the export tax rebate rate in accordance with China's industrial policies, import and export trade policies, and surpluses.
Reducing the export tax rebate rate will increase the cost of export products and reduce revenues. Related companies should improve the structure of export products and increase the added value of export products.
2. Import and Export Tariff Policies Import and export tariffs are an important means of regulating imports and exports and protecting domestic industries. They are also an important source of national fiscal revenue. After China's accession to the WTO on December 11, 2001, the machinery industry passed through a five-year transition period and all tariff reductions have been honored. The average level of import tariffs for the machinery industry fell from 18.2% in 2000 to 12.3% in 2002, of which mechanical products fell from 14.1% in 2000 to 9.9% in 2002; the number of cars decreased from 43.9% in 2000 to 26.9%.
In 2005, the average tariff, machinery products fell to 8.19%, the car fell to 18.57%.
In 2006, mechanical products remained unchanged in 2005, only reducing the auto industry's import tariffs. Import tariffs on cars have fallen from 30% in 2005 to 28% (a further drop to 25% from July 1, 2006); auto parts tariffs have dropped from an average of 10% since July 1, 2006.
In 2008, the import tariffs for mechanical components were: 12% for industrial chains, 10% for parts, 8% to 10% for standard fasteners, 12% to 14% for hydraulic components and devices, pneumatic components and devices, and 10% for hydraulic motors. 8% to 8.4%; plastic or rubber molds 0 to 5%; automotive springs 10%, rail springs 6%; hydraulic and pneumatic transmission valves 5%.
Bearings, except for 6% of parts in 2007, are 8%. From January 1, 2008, some products are subject to provisional tax rates: drum roller bearings (heading 84823000), needle roller bearings (heading 84824000), cylindrical roller bearings for wind power equipment (heading ex84825000) Ball roller needles and rollers (heading 84829100) are executed at 4%, and other parts of rolling bearings are executed at 3%. Driveshafts and bearing seats were both 6% in 2007, and from January 1, 2008, a tentative tax rate of 3% was applied.
The seals were 8% in 2007 and the provisional tax rate was 5% from January 1, 2008.
At present, no tariffs are imposed on the export of mechanical parts.
3. Encourage advanced technology and equipment import policy On September 27, 2007, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance, and the Ministry of Commerce jointly issued the “Notice on Encouraging Importation of Technologies and Product Catalogueâ€. On September 22 of the same year, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Commerce issued the “Interest Submission on Importsâ€. Fund Management Measures.
For advanced technology and equipment listed in the catalogue, if the enterprise imports it by general trade, the state will give support for discount interest policies. The Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Commerce shall determine the discount coefficient and determine the amount of discount interest within the total amount of annual discount funds. Enterprises must submit relevant application materials to relevant departments before January 31 each year.
Of the important equipment that is encouraged to import, there is one for wind power and shield machine bearings in the mechanical basic parts industry. There are 5 items of construction machinery related to mechanical basic parts: (1) Full-face tunnelling machine: cutter disc diameter> 13m; (2) Stabilized soil road mixing machine: mixing width> 3m; (3) Crawler crane: From Weight> 300t; (4) High-grade highway slurry sealer: Silo> 10m3, pulping> 3t; (5) Asphalt road milling machine: Milling width> 2.5m, milling depth> 3cm.
The National Development and Reform Commission will coordinate with the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Commerce to adjust the list in due course.
This policy will bring certain influence and difficulties to domestic enterprises in researching and developing these products. Related companies must actively take measures to meet user requirements and report the problems encountered to relevant government departments.
4. The new foreign investment industry policy was approved by the State Council. The National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Commerce issued a new "Industrial Catalogue for Foreign Investment (2007 Revision)" on October 31, 2007, which will come into effect on December 1, 2007. On November 30, 2004, the “Foreign Investment Industry Guidance Catalogue (2004 Revision)†promulgated by the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Commerce was also suspended.
The new “Catalogue†was revised under the new situation of implementing the scientific concept of development, building a socialist harmonious society, further deepening reforms, and expanding opening up. It is implementing the “innovation and utilization of foreign investment methods and optimizing the use of foreign capital†put forward by the 17th Party Congress. The structure will play an important role in the promotion of independent innovation, industrial upgrading, and coordinated regional development, and will play an important role in the direction of foreign investment. We will play an active role in improving macroeconomic control, coordinating domestic development and opening up to the outside world, promoting the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, and improving the quality and level of utilization of foreign capital. "Directory" is divided into three categories: encouraged, restricted, and prohibited.
In the encouraged category, the mechanical basics are:
(1) Design and manufacture of pressure (35-42MPa) through shaft high pressure plunger pump and motor, pressure (35-42MPa) low speed high torque motor.
(2) Electro-hydraulic proportional servo component manufacturing.
(3) Pressure (21-31.5 MPa) overall multi-way valve, pneumatic solenoid valve with power below 0.35W, design and manufacture of high-frequency electronically controlled gas valve above 200Hz.
(4) Design and manufacture of hydrostatic drive devices.
(5) Development and manufacture of non-contact gas film seals with pressure above 10 MPa and dry gas seals (including experimental devices) with pressures above 10 MPa.
(6) Development and manufacture of hydraulic and pneumatic rubber and plastic seals.
(7) Manufacturing of high strength fasteners of grade 12.9 and above.
(8) Third- and fourth-generation passenger car hub bearings (bearing inner and outer rings with flanges and sensors Mujuæ•å²¢ æ•å²¢ 懿 懿 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,? , positioning repeatability of 3 ~ 4m), high-speed wire rod, plate mill bearing (single-path wire rod rolling speed 120m / s and above, sheet metal mill processing plate thickness 2mm and above the bearing and work roll bearings), high-speed railway bearings (Travel speed is greater than 200km/h), low noise bearing Z4 (Z4, Z4P, V4, V4P noise level), P4, P2 bearings of all types of bearings.
In the restricted category, the mechanical basic parts are: various types of ordinary (P0) bearings and parts (steel balls, cages), blanks manufacturing.
This new policy, with moderately strict market access, has raised the technical threshold for entry into the Chinese market, is conducive to the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, and is conducive to improving the quality, level, and economic efficiency of foreign capital utilization.
It is not difficult to see that structural adjustments and internationalized operations are simultaneously importing and exporting mechanical basic parts products from China. The irrational product mix still stands out. Therefore, if we want to further expand our overseas markets and take the initiative in international market competition, we must vigorously develop them. Middle and high-end products will gradually increase the export share of basic products above mid-range. In addition, we must also see that the global economy is gradually becoming an organic whole, which provides a broad market space for the development of enterprises. Chinese companies should go global, make use of global resources to achieve rational allocation, improve their competitiveness, and conduct international operations to maintain the sustainability and stability of their development.
The machinery industry already has a number of advantageous companies that have carried out international operations. Some have large export volumes and have established sales outlets in many countries; some have acquired well-known foreign companies and obtained advanced manufacturing technologies; some have invested or built factories abroad or have established joint ventures or cooperation with foreign companies, which has improved the technological level and broadened Sales channels. According to the experience of some enterprises in the machinery industry in carrying out international operations, the most basic is: to actively create conditions, to adapt to the business management ideology, personnel quality and knowledge structure, product development and technical standards, organizational structure and information platform construction, etc. The requirements of international management, and continue to innovate to form their own brand.
In recent years, in order to improve and optimize the structure of import and export products, the Chinese government has successively introduced a series of policies. What impact will these policies have on the import and export of mechanical basic products? In this issue, Mr. Zheng Guowei, a senior expert in the import and export of China's machinery industry, has published articles on the import and export status of mechanical basic parts products, the impact of related import and export policies, and puts forward his own Views and suggestions.
In recent years, the Chinese government has issued a series of policies on import and export. The purpose is to improve and optimize the structure of import and export products, improve the quality of export products, increase the technological content and added value of export products, rectify export order, and achieve a fundamental change in the mode of export growth. To improve international competitiveness. At the same time, in order to reduce the international trade surplus and promote industrial upgrading, the policy of encouraging the import of advanced technologies and equipment was issued. The current policies concerning the import and export of mechanical basic parts mainly include:
1. Tax rebates on export products for export products refer to the indirect taxes that have been collected in the country (mainly value-added tax). The purpose is to allow exported goods to enter the international market without domestic indirect taxes, and to avoid the repeated collection of domestic taxes on cross-border mobile goods. Promote the development of international trade. This approach conforms to the WTO rules and reflects the WTO principles on non-discrimination and fair trade, and has established international practice. Therefore, it is not a preferential policy adopted by individual countries, let alone a subsidy.
With the approval of the State Council, on June 19, 2007, after the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation had negotiated with the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Commerce, and the General Administration of Customs, it issued the “Regulation on the reduction of export tax rebates for certain commodities†in the form of Circular 90 (2007). Notice, implemented since July 1, 2007.
The main purpose of this adjustment is to further control the excessively rapid growth of foreign trade exports, ease the outstanding contradictions brought about by China’s excessive trade surplus, improve the structure of export commodities, and suppress the export of high energy consumption, high pollution, and resource products.
There are 36 kinds of tax-reduction products in the mechanical infrastructure industry, mainly mechanical components, namely metal chains, including motorcycle roller chains, bicycle roller chains, other articulated chains, snow chains, Japanese word links, welding chains and various Chain parts; all kinds of steel standard fasteners, including screws, nuts and thread products; all kinds of springs, including springs for automobiles, railway vehicles, all from 13% to 5%; and portable hydraulic power tools ( Including chainsaws and parts from 17% to 9%.
At present, in addition to the above-mentioned three products, the export tax rebate rates for mechanical basic parts are 13% for copper and aluminum standard fasteners and springs; 17% for hydraulic components and devices and pneumatic components and devices; molds, bearings, seals, and oils. Pressure and pneumatic transmission valves are 13%.
In the future, the Chinese government will adjust the export tax rebate rate in accordance with China's industrial policies, import and export trade policies, and surpluses.
Reducing the export tax rebate rate will increase the cost of export products and reduce revenues. Related companies should improve the structure of export products and increase the added value of export products.
2. Import and Export Tariff Policies Import and export tariffs are an important means of regulating imports and exports and protecting domestic industries. They are also an important source of national fiscal revenue. After China's accession to the WTO on December 11, 2001, the machinery industry passed through a five-year transition period and all tariff reductions have been honored. The average level of import tariffs for the machinery industry fell from 18.2% in 2000 to 12.3% in 2002, of which mechanical products fell from 14.1% in 2000 to 9.9% in 2002; the number of cars decreased from 43.9% in 2000 to 26.9%.
In 2005, the average tariff, machinery products fell to 8.19%, the car fell to 18.57%.
In 2006, mechanical products remained unchanged in 2005, only reducing the auto industry's import tariffs. Import tariffs on cars have fallen from 30% in 2005 to 28% (a further drop to 25% from July 1, 2006); auto parts tariffs have dropped from an average of 10% since July 1, 2006.
In 2008, the import tariffs for mechanical components were: 12% for industrial chains, 10% for parts, 8% to 10% for standard fasteners, 12% to 14% for hydraulic components and devices, pneumatic components and devices, and 10% for hydraulic motors. 8% to 8.4%; plastic or rubber molds 0 to 5%; automotive springs 10%, rail springs 6%; hydraulic and pneumatic transmission valves 5%.
Bearings, except for 6% of parts in 2007, are 8%. From January 1, 2008, some products are subject to provisional tax rates: drum roller bearings (heading 84823000), needle roller bearings (heading 84824000), cylindrical roller bearings for wind power equipment (heading ex84825000) Ball roller needles and rollers (heading 84829100) are executed at 4%, and other parts of rolling bearings are executed at 3%. Driveshafts and bearing seats were both 6% in 2007, and from January 1, 2008, a tentative tax rate of 3% was applied.
The seals were 8% in 2007 and the provisional tax rate was 5% from January 1, 2008.
At present, no tariffs are imposed on the export of mechanical parts.
3. Encourage advanced technology and equipment import policy On September 27, 2007, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance, and the Ministry of Commerce jointly issued the “Notice on Encouraging Importation of Technologies and Product Catalogueâ€. On September 22 of the same year, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Commerce issued the “Interest Submission on Importsâ€. Fund Management Measures.
For advanced technology and equipment listed in the catalogue, if the enterprise imports it by general trade, the state will give support for discount interest policies. The Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Commerce shall determine the discount coefficient and determine the amount of discount interest within the total amount of annual discount funds. Enterprises must submit relevant application materials to relevant departments before January 31 each year.
Of the important equipment that is encouraged to import, there is one for wind power and shield machine bearings in the mechanical basic parts industry. There are 5 items of construction machinery related to mechanical basic parts: (1) Full-face tunnelling machine: cutter disc diameter> 13m; (2) Stabilized soil road mixing machine: mixing width> 3m; (3) Crawler crane: From Weight> 300t; (4) High-grade highway slurry sealer: Silo> 10m3, pulping> 3t; (5) Asphalt road milling machine: Milling width> 2.5m, milling depth> 3cm.
The National Development and Reform Commission will coordinate with the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Commerce to adjust the list in due course.
This policy will bring certain influence and difficulties to domestic enterprises in researching and developing these products. Related companies must actively take measures to meet user requirements and report the problems encountered to relevant government departments.
4. The new foreign investment industry policy was approved by the State Council. The National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Commerce issued a new "Industrial Catalogue for Foreign Investment (2007 Revision)" on October 31, 2007, which will come into effect on December 1, 2007. On November 30, 2004, the “Foreign Investment Industry Guidance Catalogue (2004 Revision)†promulgated by the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Commerce was also suspended.
The new “Catalogue†was revised under the new situation of implementing the scientific concept of development, building a socialist harmonious society, further deepening reforms, and expanding opening up. It is implementing the “innovation and utilization of foreign investment methods and optimizing the use of foreign capital†put forward by the 17th Party Congress. The structure will play an important role in the promotion of independent innovation, industrial upgrading, and coordinated regional development, and will play an important role in the direction of foreign investment. We will play an active role in improving macroeconomic control, coordinating domestic development and opening up to the outside world, promoting the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, and improving the quality and level of utilization of foreign capital. "Directory" is divided into three categories: encouraged, restricted, and prohibited.
In the encouraged category, the mechanical basics are:
(1) Design and manufacture of pressure (35-42MPa) through shaft high pressure plunger pump and motor, pressure (35-42MPa) low speed high torque motor.
(2) Electro-hydraulic proportional servo component manufacturing.
(3) Pressure (21-31.5 MPa) overall multi-way valve, pneumatic solenoid valve with power below 0.35W, design and manufacture of high-frequency electronically controlled gas valve above 200Hz.
(4) Design and manufacture of hydrostatic drive devices.
(5) Development and manufacture of non-contact gas film seals with pressure above 10 MPa and dry gas seals (including experimental devices) with pressures above 10 MPa.
(6) Development and manufacture of hydraulic and pneumatic rubber and plastic seals.
(7) Manufacturing of high strength fasteners of grade 12.9 and above.
(8) Third- and fourth-generation passenger car hub bearings (bearing inner and outer rings with flanges and sensors Mujuæ•å²¢ æ•å²¢ 懿 懿 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,? , positioning repeatability of 3 ~ 4m), high-speed wire rod, plate mill bearing (single-path wire rod rolling speed 120m / s and above, sheet metal mill processing plate thickness 2mm and above the bearing and work roll bearings), high-speed railway bearings (Travel speed is greater than 200km/h), low noise bearing Z4 (Z4, Z4P, V4, V4P noise level), P4, P2 bearings of all types of bearings.
In the restricted category, the mechanical basic parts are: various types of ordinary (P0) bearings and parts (steel balls, cages), blanks manufacturing.
This new policy, with moderately strict market access, has raised the technical threshold for entry into the Chinese market, is conducive to the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, and is conducive to improving the quality, level, and economic efficiency of foreign capital utilization.
It is not difficult to see that structural adjustments and internationalized operations are simultaneously importing and exporting mechanical basic parts products from China. The irrational product mix still stands out. Therefore, if we want to further expand our overseas markets and take the initiative in international market competition, we must vigorously develop them. Middle and high-end products will gradually increase the export share of basic products above mid-range. In addition, we must also see that the global economy is gradually becoming an organic whole, which provides a broad market space for the development of enterprises. Chinese companies should go global, make use of global resources to achieve rational allocation, improve their competitiveness, and conduct international operations to maintain the sustainability and stability of their development.
The machinery industry already has a number of advantageous companies that have carried out international operations. Some have large export volumes and have established sales outlets in many countries; some have acquired well-known foreign companies and obtained advanced manufacturing technologies; some have invested or built factories abroad or have established joint ventures or cooperation with foreign companies, which has improved the technological level and broadened Sales channels. According to the experience of some enterprises in the machinery industry in carrying out international operations, the most basic is: to actively create conditions, to adapt to the business management ideology, personnel quality and knowledge structure, product development and technical standards, organizational structure and information platform construction, etc. The requirements of international management, and continue to innovate to form their own brand.
Hengxing Industry Machinery Co., Ltd. , http://www.fjconcreteplant.com