Some areas in China, especially in the coastal areas, are typhoon-prone areas, with abundant annual rainfall, coupled with the large-scale use of new materials and new accessories in recent years. Water-repellent glass wall research and water control measures have not been able to keep pace, and the problem of seepage of glass curtain walls has become more common and seriously affected. The function and longevity of the building are used to reduce the safety and durability of the building. The cause of water seepage in glass curtain walls is very complex and involves design, material application, construction and management.
Analysis of Causes of Water Leakage in Curtain Wall
design
a: The main force member aluminum column is not set according to the specifications of 20mm expansion joints, aluminum thermal expansion and contraction, the main structure of the deformation caused by the stress of cracking the glass, resulting in water seepage phenomenon.
b: The sealant with a large amount of expansion and contraction was not used in the design, and the necessary calculation was not performed.
c: The failure of the waterproof sealing treatment of the window opening or the insufficient number of seal layers (generally two to three seals are required) will cause the rainwater to enter the open window as the rainwater flows along the curtain wall.
d: When jointing with a building, there is no joint research and cooperation with the civil works organization. Instead, they are each constructed and each pipe is in one side, resulting in the appearance of water seepage channels. In particular, the curtain wall between the top of the curtain wall and the parapet wall is not tightly connected and is not closed tightly to form a water seepage passage.
Aluminum profiles
a: Aluminum surface treatment does not meet the national standards, the surface coating adhesion is not strong, the oxide film is too thin or too thick, resulting in sealant adhesive failure.
b: The strength of the main force members is insufficient and the rigidity of the beams and beams is insufficient. The wall thickness of the section subjected to force is less than 3mm. Under the standard value of wind load, the relative deflection is greater than l/180 or the absolute deflection is greater than 20mm. Severe deformation, displacement and rain leakage.
c: No high-quality high-precision aluminum profiles are used (in which ultra-high-accuracy grades are used for curtain wall columns). Aluminum profiles are unqualified, and their bending, twisting, and wavy degrees are seriously exceeded, resulting in flatness and verticality of the entire curtain wall. Degree can not meet the requirements.
Sealant
a: In order to save costs, the use of ordinary sealant instead of weather-resistant silicone sealant for outdoor caulking, ultraviolet radiation through the sun, the glue joints premature aging, causing cracking.
b: The use of expired structural silicone sealant, weatherable silicone sealant, wall edge adhesive, adhesive seam foaming, cracking or non-solidification, leading to curtain wall seepage.
c: The structural silicone sealant contact material compatibility test was not performed in accordance with the specification. As a result, the structural silicone sealant was incompatible with aluminum profiles, glass, and strips, and chemical changes affecting the adhesion occurred, and at the same time the seal was affected. effect.
glass
a: The glass strength is not checked, the glass does not have enough load capacity, and it breaks and cracks under typhoon rain, leading to water ingress.
b: The glass is not checked for thermal stress. A large area of ​​glass absorbs sunlight. Thermal stress exceeds its allowable stress, causing thermal breakage and curtain wall leakage.
c: glass size tolerance exceeds the standard, glass two force embedded quantity and gap do not meet the design requirements, when installed on the glass curtain wall of the bright frame, the glass is too small, then the notch embedded depth is insufficient, the width of the glue gap can not meet the requirements, the glass is easy to If the fringe glass on the edge is too large, the notch is embedded in the position too deep, and the glass is heated to expand and is easily squeezed by the aluminum profile to cause water seepage. When glass with inaccurate dimensions is installed on the hidden glass curtain wall, the gap width of the glue is not uniform and it is difficult to control the quality of the glue. The regulations stipulate that the width of the joint glass of the hidden glass curtain wall should not be less than 15mm, so as to ensure that the joint gap satisfies the requirements for the displacement of the curtain wall caused by earthquakes and temperature changes, and will not squeezing the glass.
d: The glass is not chamfered with edge chamfering. When used as a curtain wall surface material, the glass is prone to stress concentration, resulting in dark cracks or self-explosion.
construction
a: When the aluminum frame is installed, it does not operate according to the specifications. It does not grasp the quality, and the horizontality, verticality, diagonal line difference and straightness are exceeded, which directly affects the physical properties of the curtain wall.
b: The construction of weather-resistant silicone sealant is not dense, and the sealing is not strict or the aspect ratio does not conform to the specification.
c: do not pay attention to the construction conditions of the sealant. In southern China, there are more rainwater. For example, weather-resistant sealants are forcibly constructed in the rainy season and cannot guarantee the quality of seals. Structural adhesive construction also has certain temperature and humidity conditions, and care must be taken.
d: The size of the sealant is inconsistent or inferior materials are used. It quickly loosens or deteriorates and loses its waterproof function.
e: No elastic positioning pads are used. The glass is in direct contact with the components.
When the building is deformed or the temperature changes, the components have a great stress on the glass, and often the glass begins to squeeze from the bottom of the glass.
use
a: No detailed construction materials and instructions were provided to the user. After the user checked in, he did not understand how to use the curtain wall, resulting in damage to the curtain wall, deformation, contamination, etc., leading to water seepage.
b: When the external wall is clean, improper operation may damage the curtain wall. c: The occupants were tampered with without authorization and did not carefully fill and waterproof the damaged parts.
Curtain wall seepage prevention measures
There are three basic conditions that cause water seepage and water leakage in the curtain wall: there is water in the pores and there is a pressure difference in the water seepage cracks. Eliminating one or more of these basic conditions is the way to prevent water leakage: First, to minimize the porosity of the second is to block the rain, so as not to wet the gap as much as possible. Third, to reduce the wind pressure difference at the wetted gap.
a: The design of the curtain wall waterproofing device is first considered in the design. Using the "isostatic principle", an isobaric chamber and a special pressure introducing hole are arranged on the aluminum profile of the curtain wall. In this way, the internal pressure of the isostatic chamber is balanced with the external pressure through the special pressure introducing hole. The pressure difference is moved to the indoor side where the rainwater is not in contact with, so that there is no water in the area where there is no difference in the wind pressure between the water pressure, so that the external water is prevented from seeping into the curtain wall by the pressure difference.
b: Open the drainage hole to the outside of the curtain wall aluminum profile, collect the water entering the interior of the curtain wall through the small gap out of the curtain wall, and at the same time drain a small amount of pressure in the isostatic cavity between the glass, aluminum profile and aluminum buckle bar. Water.
c: In the design, collection pipes and drainage pipes can also be set on the glass curtain wall. The water that penetrates into the cracks and enters the interior of the curtain wall can be collected together and drained through the drainage pipe to a specified drainage hole in the room.
d: Use high-quality structural silicone sealant, weather-resistant silicone sealant, wall-edge adhesive, and strengthen inspection to prevent overdue use. With high-quality float glass, the glass must be edge-treated, and the glass size error meets the standard requirements.
e: Pay attention to the environment in which the sealant is used. It is forbidden to open the weatherproof silicone sealant in open weather on a rainy day. The structural adhesive construction workshop requires clean dust-free soil. The indoor temperature should not be higher than 27°C, and the relative humidity should not be lower than 50%.
f: Before structural silicone sealant, weatherproof silicone sealant, or wall edge adhesive, remove dust, grease, loose material and other dirt from aluminum frame, glass or crevice. Fill solid, smooth surface, strengthen conservation, prevent hand touch, water flush and so on.
g: According to the specification, during the construction of glass curtain walls, the performance of anti-rainwater leakage should be checked in layers to repair and control the quality of the curtain wall.
h: The quality inspection of glass curtain wall is divided into concealed inspection and engineering inspection. The concealed inspection is carried out after the aluminum frame is installed. It mainly tests the firmness and security of the connection steel code, and checks the clearance between the curtain wall and the main structure. Node installation and expansion joints Installation and so on. Acceptance of the project takes place after the completion of the glass curtain wall project.
i: Open the window should carefully check whether the degree of sealing is reached, whether the accessories are of good quality, reliable function, and whether the opening and closing are flexible.
j: When the curtain wall is cleaned, the building's own window wiper is used. If it is cleaned by a professional cleaning company, it must have a detailed construction organization plan and cannot cause any damage to the curtain wall.
k: Improve the completion acceptance data, hand over to the relevant departments, the use of units should be based on the specification of the curtain wall protection, maintenance plans and systems.
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