Japan is leading the way in developing artificial light synthesis technology, a groundbreaking innovation that could revolutionize how we harness solar energy. According to recent reports, the amount of energy the sun delivers to Earth in just one minute is enough to power human activities for an entire year. While plants naturally perform photosynthesis—converting water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and organic matter—scientists are now working to replicate and enhance this process artificially.
With 70% of the Earth’s surface covered by water and increasing levels of carbon dioxide contributing to global warming, researchers see a unique opportunity. By combining sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide, it's possible to generate essential chemical raw materials like methanol and ethylene, which are crucial for industries and everyday life. This approach not only uses renewable resources but also helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
In Japan, significant progress has already been made in artificial light synthesis. In December last year, Matsushita Corporation successfully conducted experiments using outdoor sunlight to produce formic acid. Then, in May this year, the Central Research Institute under Toyota Motor Group achieved similar results using different methods, further proving the potential of this technology.
According to Panasonic R&D, researchers have managed to produce various organic substances such as ethanol, methanol, ethylene, and methane by improving the photosynthesis catalyst. However, the current production volume remains low, with a solar energy conversion efficiency of about 0.2%. The company aims to increase this to 1% by 2016, marking a critical step toward commercial viability.
The technology has also gained strong support from prominent figures. Nobel Prize-winning economist Nobuyuki Genkie emphasized the importance of supporting artificial light synthesis research, especially for a country like Japan that lacks natural resources. Professor Kenji Uchiyama has already persuaded officials in the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to classify artificial light synthesis as a national strategic project.
In November last year, Japan’s Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology jointly announced a plan to invest 15 billion yen (approximately RMB 900 million) over the next decade to advance this technology. Their goal is to boost the efficiency of solar energy conversion to 10% by 2021.
The concept of artificial light synthesis was first introduced by Professor Miyoshi Shinobu from Osaka City University. Professor Kamiya noted that while challenges such as cost reduction and large-scale equipment development remain, the field is progressing rapidly. Researchers aim to develop new catalysts and make the technology practical by 2030.
He also pointed out that while countries like Europe, the U.S., China, and South Korea may catch up, Japan's early leadership in this field could give it a significant advantage. This technological edge could drive a major energy transformation and boost Japan's economy in the long run.
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