Not long ago, the "Technical Specification for Light-duty Steel Structure Residences" (hereinafter referred to as "the Regulations") was approved by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development. The "Regulations" will be implemented on October 1 this year. The "Regulations" is the first technical regulation of steel structure housing in the field of construction in China and will provide standards and basis for China's light steel structure housing industry.
According to industry insiders, the issuance of the "Procedure" will further promote the industrialization and integrated development of China's steel structure housing, thereby reducing the waste of resources in housing construction and realizing the building's energy conservation goals as soon as possible.
National Housing Industry Policy Produces Regulations Promulgated
Over the years, China’s residential construction has been mainly extensive production. The main focus of residential construction is on-site manual wet production methods. It not only has low production efficiency and long construction period, but also has high energy consumption and environmental pressure. The quality and performance of residential buildings are difficult to guarantee. Life cycle is difficult to achieve. The light steel structure housing solves the above problems. This residential form can not only provide users with more comfortable and safe use of space, but also play an important and positive role in improving the quality and industrialization of residential construction.
According to statistics, the United States is one of the first countries and regions to use steel frame structures to build houses. In view of the comprehensive considerations of economy, safety performance (seismic, fire prevention) and durability, more and more housing developers are turning to lighter operations. The value of steel-structured dwellings and light-steel residential houses has quickly gained widespread acceptance. In 1965, light-steel residential buildings accounted for only 15% of the construction market in the United States, rising to 53% in 1990, rising to 68% in 1993, and rising to 75% in 2000. Although the national conditions are different, it can also be seen that the light steel structure housing has become the direction of future residential development.
Prior to the promulgation of the "Procedure", with the rapid development of the national economy, people's demands for housing have become higher and higher, and demand for high-quality housing such as safe houses, comfortable houses, healthy houses, and green houses has become more and more intense. Structural housing meets people's requirements for an ideal home. At the same time, the national housing industry policy has been oriented toward energy conservation and industrialization in recent years. Therefore, in this context, the relevant state ministries and commissions have successively issued a series of industrial support policies to promote the development of light steel structure housing.
In 1999, the General Office of the State Council issued the "Several Opinions on Promoting the Modernization of the Housing Industry and Improving the Quality of Residential Buildings." It proposed to actively develop and promote the use of steel-structured houses and formally recognized this architectural structure. In August 2000, the former Ministry of Construction convened the first nationwide workshop on technology development of steel structure housing in Beijing, and put forward the working principle of “promoting the foundation for development, grasping supporting and promoting applications, and grasping the pilot industryâ€. From 2001 to 2002, more than 40 scientific research projects of the former Ministry of Construction supported the research and development of steel structure residential technology, and issued the "Guidelines for the Industrialization of Steel Structured Residential Buildings" to guide the research and development of steel structure housing. On March 18th, 2004, the former Ministry of Construction issued the "Announcement on the Promotion and Application of New Technologies and the Restriction of the Use of Backward Technology", and the series of steel structure residential houses was promoted in the field of residential industrialization. In 2005, the former Ministry of Construction promulgated the Guiding Opinions on the Development of Energy-Saving Land-Resistant Houses and Public Buildings, which clearly established the goal of building energy-saving land and water-saving materials, and became a new coordinate for the research and development of new-type steel structure housing.
The relevant personage believes that at present, domestic steel production is sufficient, there are a number of pilot projects and demonstrations of light-duty steel structure construction experience and scientific and technological achievements, the development of light-duty steel structure housing has a good material and technical foundation. The issuance of the "Regulations" will mark the entry of China's light steel structural housing industry into a new stage of development.
Experts interpret the requirements and scope of the "procedures"
An industry expert who participated in the preparation of the "Regulations" said that in recent years, the steel structure residential building forms that have emerged in China mainly include: ordinary steel structure residential projects, cold-rolled thin-walled steel low-rise residential projects imported from abroad, and independent research and development. Low-rise and multi-story steel structure residential projects for light steel frames supporting composite thermal insulation wall panels, etc. With the appearance of numerous steel-framed residential building forms, the technical standards for standardizing steel-structured houses have yet to be introduced. Combining the actual conditions of China’s urban construction and construction project development, we conducted extensive investigations and studies and carefully summarized the experiences of China’s steel structure residential construction in recent years. We have done a great deal of experiments on structural systems and joints and on the basis of China’s construction science. The Institute is responsible for organizing related departments of design, universities, scientific research and production companies to jointly compile this “Technical Specification for Lightweight Steel Structure Residencesâ€.
According to Wang Minggui, one of the drafters of the Regulations and the deputy head of the expert group of the Steel Structure Committee of the China Construction Metal Structure Association, the "Regulations" apply to lightweight steel frames as structural systems and are equipped with lightweight walls that meet their functional requirements. Body, lightweight floor, and lightweight roof building systems are the criteria for the design, construction, and acceptance of light-duty steel structures. The "Regulations" require the emphasis on "lightness" and can be applied to steel-structured residential buildings with no more than 6 floors in earthquake-resistant or non-seismic areas. For other buildings such as apartments, refer to them. It should be pointed out that the design, construction, and acceptance of light-duty steel-structured dwellings should, in addition to complying with this “Regulations,†comply with the provisions of existing national standards.
Wang Minggui said that the "lightweight material" mentioned in the "Regulations" refers to the comparison with traditional materials such as reinforced concrete. Light steel frame refers to a pure frame consisting of small section hot-rolled H-section steel, high-frequency welded H-section steel, ordinary welded H-shaped or profiled section steel, cold-rolled or hot-rolled square (or moment, round) shaped steel pipe or The framework-supporting structural system, combined with the advantages of lightweight floors and the use of wall resistance against lateral forces, enables the steel frame structural system not only to save steel but also to solve the technical problems of building multi-layer structures, especially China's current regulatory system is consistent and meets the requirements of earthquake resistance. It is a building structural system that conforms to China's national conditions.
As a kind of special building system, the lightweight steel structure housing must be designed and constructed with light-weight steel structure housing, which is characterized by stable materials, weather resistance, durability, safety, reliability, economical and practical light supporting materials and its connection with steel structures. Technology, especially lightweight outer wall protection and its connection with steel structures. Due to its light weight and superior structural performance, the number of building layers is no more than 6 layers and it is easy to resist earthquakes. As long as the supporting materials and technologies are perfect, the economy is better and it is easy to promote and apply.
Lightweight steel structure housing is a new building system. The materials involved are new building materials. The design method is the integration of architecture, structure, equipment and decoration. This kind of dwelling places great emphasis on material support, technical support, and design support. Based on the special system developed by the company, specific engineering design, construction, and acceptance are carried out in accordance with the “Regulationsâ€.
The steel structure houses with ordinary steel structure and cast-in-place reinforced concrete floor structure system should be designed according to the current relevant standards in China. For cold-formed thin-walled steel low-rise residential buildings, their professional standards should be implemented.
Another expert who participated in the preparation of the "Procedure" said that the light steel structure residential project should be submitted by the general contractor to the construction unit on the basis of the self-check of the construction contractor, and apply for the completion acceptance of the project. In the acceptance of construction quality, the division of sub-divisions, sub-projects, and sub-divisions (or sub-divisions) shall be carried out according to the inspection, and shall comply with the current national standard “Unified Standard for the Acceptance of Construction Quality of Construction Engineering†GB50300, “Construction of Steel Structures. Quality Acceptance Regulations" GB50205 and other related professional specifications.
Provide ample space for new building materials
In fact, light-duty steel structure residences have had a 20-year history of development in China, and there are many successful examples. Related manufacturing companies have also emerged in an endless stream. Companies such as Hangxiao Steel Structure, Beixin Building Materials, and Tianjin No. 2 Construction have practiced in the field of light steel structure residential buildings. for many years. The issuance of the "Regulations" has enabled the light steel structure industry to have official standards and evidence, and will promote the comprehensive promotion of new building materials related to it.
Light-duty steel houses do not only emphasize lightweight steel frames, but more importantly, they have light-weight floors, lightweight walls, and lightweight roofs. Traditional concrete materials cannot meet these requirements. This will lead to the development of more new building materials. And development.
According to industry insiders, although light-duty steel structure residences have been developed in China for some time, they are still a new type of structure compared with traditional reinforced concrete structures. The introduction of the "Regulations" and the impact of the national energy conservation industry policy will accelerate the pace of development of light steel structure residential buildings. New building materials matching this building structure will also form a new industrial chain. At the same time, The use of new building materials provides a broad space for development. For example, the wall structure required for light steel structure houses is completely different from the traditional reinforced concrete structure. It requires interior wall panels, exterior wall panels, and floor panels. These new building materials will be developed along with the development of light steel structure housing. widely used. In addition, the new enclosure materials used in lightweight steel-frame residential buildings are generally lightweight, energy-saving, durable, and economical. If such new environmentally-friendly building materials can be used in a large number of light-duty steel structures, they will soon realize low carbon. Residential dreams.
The future of light steel structure houses is still very long. It not only needs the support of relevant national policies, but also requires real estate developers, building materials manufacturers and people to recognize this form of building structure. Therefore, the future of lightweight steel-framed houses depends on many factors.