Abstract According to the British "Daily Mail" reported that researchers at Princeton University in the United States today the use of 3D printing technology to create a bionic ear. The more important significance of this research is that it is hoped to explore new ways to combine electronic materials with biological materials. Thanks to information technology...
According to the British "Daily Mail" report, researchers at Princeton University in the United States recently used 3D printing technology to create a bionic ear. The more important significance of this research is that it is hoped to explore new ways to combine electronic materials with biological materials. Thanks to the penetration of information technology, the manufacturing industry has experienced rapid growth in the past few decades. Today, biotechnology is leading a new wave of technology, and its combination with manufacturing technology, bio-manufacturing, will bring about new changes.
Biological manufacturing changes life
In fact, before the aforementioned bionic ears, people have begun to explore the biological manufacturing. For example, the "shark skin" swimsuit, which became popular at the 2000 Sydney Olympics, is a typical example of the combination of biotechnology and manufacturing technology.
According to Yan Yongnian and other professors of the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Tsinghua University, broad bio-manufacturing includes bionic manufacturing, biomass and bio-manufacturing. It can be said that manufacturing science and technology involving biology and medicine can be regarded as biological manufacturing.
So, what are the main application areas of bio-manufacturing?
Chen Huawei, an associate professor at the Center for Bionics and Micro-Nano Manufacturing Technology at Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, said at the 2013 Advanced Intelligent Manufacturing Technology Development Symposium held recently that bio-manufacturing is mainly divided into four areas, namely bioprocessing and tissue manufacturing. , mechanical bionic manufacturing and bio-electromechanical systems manufacturing.
Today, academia and industry have explored in these four directions, and will have a profound impact on traditional manufacturing and people's lives.
Take bioprocessing as an example. According to industry definitions, bioprocessing refers to the direct use of biological prototypes or biomaterials to produce bioform-based products, or the use of biological processing characteristics to process complex parts.
Compared to traditional physical and chemical processing, biomachining has the advantage of efficient molding for the manufacture of functional coating materials, efficient traffic interfaces and minimally invasive mechanical interfaces.
At present, the value of bioprocessing has begun to appear. For example, in 2008, China's civil aviation consumed 11.75 million tons of aviation kerosene and friction resistance of 40%, while the bio-processed drag-reducing surface can reduce fuel consumption by 3%, which is equivalent to saving single-month crude oil production in Shengli Oilfield. For example, 17 million people die of cardiovascular disease each year, and the artificial blood vessels on the inner wall of the bionic reduction can ensure smooth blood circulation, increase the chance of organ survival, and avoid myocardial infarction.
In addition, bioprocessing molding has the advantage of resource recycling. It is of great significance in achieving sustainable manufacturing and reducing environmental pollution.
At present, there are more than 1 million species of microorganisms and 300,000 species of plants in nature, and there are more than 1 million species of insects in animals. In Chen Huawei's view, the principles of biological systems in nature should be used to the greatest extent, and materials, structures and systems with more reasonable structures, greener processes and better performance should be designed and manufactured.
In addition to bio-forming, bio-manufacturing technology can also be used to make tissue and organ, which is currently the most popular 3D bio-printing. In addition, biomanufacturing can also design and manufacture products with biological surface or biological structure functions by mimicking the shape of biological materials.
For example, the relevant scholars of Jilin University are based on the bionic non-smooth theory and closely combined with the structure design and manufacturing theory and technology of the diamond drill bit to achieve the desorption, drag reduction and wear resistance of the drill bit, thereby improving the efficiency and life of the drill bit.
An important direction of bio-manufacturing is biomechanical manufacturing, which mimics the structural materials, operating states and functional modes of living organisms, and designs and manufactures products with biometric characteristics.
This type of manufacturing will have a major impact on people's lives. For example, with the advancement of biomechanical integration technology, prosthetics will evolve from mechanical control to neural control, and eventually develop into intelligent prosthetics that can be flexibly controlled. In the future, a health monitoring patch based on biomechanical integration technology will be generated, which can monitor the human body's circulatory system in real time, which is undoubtedly an important foundation for the future health cloud construction.
How to seize the opportunity
Chen Huawei is very optimistic about the prospects of bio-manufacturing. He pointed out that the history of mankind has experienced the era of agricultural economy, industrial economy and information economy. Now the industry generally believes that the next era will be the bio-economic era. Therefore, bio-manufacturing technology will have much to offer.
In fact, bio-manufacturing has received much attention. In the 2020 Outlook for Manufacturing Challenges published by the American Science Foundation, biomanufacturing is listed as one of the ten main directions for high-tech. China's 2011 China Mechanical Engineering Technology Roadmap has listed bionic manufacturing as one of the six major themes of the mechanical industry.
According to the National “12th Five-Year Plan for Bio-industry Developmentâ€, by 2015, the annual output value of China's bio-manufacturing industry will reach 750 billion yuan.
In the face of the broad prospects of bio-manufacturing, how should China seize opportunities?
Chen Huawei pointed out that bio-manufacturing is an interdisciplinary subject involving biological subjects including medicine, biology, bionics, ecology, etc. Non-biological subjects include machinery, materials, physics, chemistry, information and automation.
He suggested creating a new discipline of “biological manufacturing†and increasing the intensity of interdisciplinary and collaborative innovation.
At the same time, Chen Huawei believes that it is necessary to increase industrial adjustment and strategic investment, enrich the bio-manufacturing equipment system, and expand the bio-manufacturing product system to promote the development of bio-manufacturing.
"I hope that after 2020, biological and biomimetic manufacturing products and industries can become an important area of ​​advanced manufacturing, and account for a considerable proportion of the national economy." Chen Huawei said.
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